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Livin, Survivin and Caspase 3 as early recurrence markers in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

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Abstract

Purpose

To explore the potential correlation and prognostic value of Livin, Survivin and Caspase 3 expression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods

We prospectively examined the simultaneous expression of Livin, Survivin and Caspase 3 with immunohistochemistry in the paraffin blocks of 138 patients who underwent transurethral resection, and ten cases of normal bladder specimens were studied as the control group. During a 48-month follow-up, clinical pathologic factors including gender, age, pathology stage, histology grade, adjuvant therapy and recurrence time were recorded. The curves for recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the relationship between these proteins’ expression and clinical pathologic factors was analyzed with the Cox regression model.

Results

Livin and Survivin showed a high expression (H-exp) level of 65.22 and 71.01 % in NMIBC, respectively, whereas Caspase 3 expression level was 50.72 %, and H-exp level of Livin and Survivin were 72.7 and 80.0 % in pT1 stage, respectively, which were proved to be higher than that in pTa/Tis ratio (P < 0.05). The relation between the H-exp and low-expression (L-exp) groups of Livin and Survivin and RFS were found statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, there was better RFS in H-exp Caspase 3 group than in L-exp group (P < 0.05). A risk score was developed on the basis of all three biomarkers to estimate the prognosis of NMIBC patients, and those expressing high Survivin and Livin and low Caspase 3 had a significant shorter RFS time (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Livin, Survivin and Caspase 3 may be valuable as promising indicators of early recurrence in NMIBC.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the technicians at Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, for their excellent technical support.

Conflict of interest

We declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Urology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China

    Jianwen Wang, Xiaodong Zhang, Junhui Zhang, Yinong Niu, Ning Kang & Nianzeng Xing

  2. Division of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Ping Wei

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Yuxiang Zhang

  4. Sino-German Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical University, Beijing, China

    Weili Zhang

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  1. Jianwen Wang
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  2. Xiaodong Zhang
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  4. Junhui Zhang
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Correspondence to Jianwen Wang or Nianzeng Xing.

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Wang, J., Zhang, X., Wei, P. et al. Livin, Survivin and Caspase 3 as early recurrence markers in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 32, 1477–1484 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1246-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1246-0

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