Zusammenfassung
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Haut- und psychischen Erkrankungen tritt in der klinischen Praxis nicht selten auf, jedoch gibt es bis heute nur wenige Untersuchungen dazu, zu dem fehlen Kenntnisse über entsprechende bedingende neurobiologische und immunologische Mechanismen. Dabei können Veränderungen und Erkrankungen der Haut oftmals ein (frühes) Zeichen für eine psychische Störung sein. Im Sinne einer wahren „Psycho-Somatik“ sollten also Psychiater bestmöglich über diesen Zusammenhang Bescheid wissen. Diese Übersicht thematisiert die wichtigsten dermatologischen Diagnosen in Beziehung zu ihren jeweiligen psychischen Komorbiditäten und benennt die wichtigsten Aspekte bez. Epidemiologie, Symptomatik, Pathophysiologie und Behandlungsoptionen.
Abstract
The relationship between skin and psychiatric disorders is not an uncommon occurrence in the clinical practice; however, there are only a few systematic studies and in addition knowledge about the neurobiological and immunological mechanisms is lacking. Impairments and disorders of the skin are often an (early) sign of a psychiatric disorder. In the sense of true psychosomatics, psychiatrists should also be aware of this relationship as far as possible. This review article focuses on the most important dermatological diagnoses in relation to the respective psychiatric comorbidities and presents the most important aspects of epidemiology, symptomatology, pathophysiology and treatment options.
Literatur
Katsarou-Katsari A, Filipou A, Theoharides TC (1999) Effect of stress and other psychological factors on the pathophysiology and treatment of dermatoses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 12:7–11
Zouboulis CC, Böhm M (2004) Neuroendocrine regulation of sebocytes: a pathogenetic link between stress and acne. Exp Dermatol 13:31–35
Arck PC, Slominski A, Theoharides TC, Peters EMJ, Paus R (2006) Neuroimmunology of stress: skin takes center stag. J Invest Dermatol 126:1697–1704
Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ (2013) New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 69(Suppl 1):15–26
Tey HL, Wallengren J, Yosipovitch G (2013) Psychosomatic factors in pruritu. Clin Dermatol 31:31–40
Buske-Kirschbaum A (2009) Cortisol responses to stress in allergic children: interaction with the immune response. Neuroimmunomodulation 16:325–332
Slominski A, Zbytek B, Nikolakis G, Manna PR, Skobowiat C, Zmijewski M, Li W, Janjetovic Z, Postlethwaite A, Zouboulis CC, Tuckey RC (2013) Steroidgenesis in the skin: implications for local immune functions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 137:107–123
Gupta MA, Gupta AK (2003) Psychiatric and psychological co-morbidity in patients with dermatologic disorders: epidemiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 4:833–842
Leon A, Levin EC, Koo YM (2013) Psychodermatology: an overview. Semin Cutan Med Surg 32:64–67
Wessely SC, Lewis GH (1989) The classification of psychiatric morbidity in attenders at a dermatology clinic. Br J Psychiatry 155:686–691
Aktan S, Ozmen E, Sanli B (1998) Psychiatric disorders in patients attending a dermatology outpatient clinic. Dermatology 197:230–234
Picardi A, Abeni D, Melchi CF, Puddu P, Pasquini P (2000) Psychiatric morbidity in dermatological outpatients: an issue to be recognized. Br J Dermatol 143:983–991
Koo J, Lebwohl A (2001) Psychodermatology: the mind and skin connection. Am Fam Physician 64:1873–1879
Gieler U, Niemeier V, Kupfer J, Brosig B, Schill WB (2001) Psychosomatische Dermatologie in Deutschland. Eine Umfrage an 69 Hautkliniken. Hautarzt 52:104–110
Moftah NH, Kamel AM, Attia HM, El-Baz MZ, Abd El-Moty HM (2013) Skin diseases in patients with primary psychiatric conditions: A hospital based study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 3:131–138
Dalgard FJ, Gieler U, Tomas-Aragones L, Lien L, Poot F, Jemec GBE, Misery L, Szabo C, Linder D, Sampogna F, Evers AWM, Halvorsen JA, Balieva F, Szepietowski J, Romanov D, Marron SE, Altunay IK, Finlay AY, Salek SS, Kupfer J (2015) The psychological burden of skin diseases: A cross-sectional multicenter study among dermatological out patients in 13 European countries. J Invest Dermatol 135:984–991
Mookhoeck EJ, Van De Kerkhof PC, Hovens JE, Brouwers JR, Loonen AJ (2010) Skin disorders in chronic psychiatric illness. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 24:1151–1156
Mookhoeck EJ, Van De Kerkhof PC, Hovens JE, Brouwers JR, Loonen AJ (2011) Substantial skin disorders in psychiatric illness coincide with diabetes and addiction. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:392–397
Makigami K, Ohtaki N, Yasumura S (2012) A 35-month prospective study on onset of scabies in a psychiatric hospital: discussion on patient transfer and incubation period. J Dermatol 39:160–163
Kawai M, Suzuki T, Hiruma M, Ikeda S (2014) A retrospective cohort study of tinea pedis and tinea unguium in inpatients in a psychiatric hospital. Med Mycol J 55:E35–41
Sheikhmoonesi F, Hajheidari Z, Masoudzadeh A, Mohammadpour RA, Mozaffari M (2014) Prevalence and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relationships with dermatological diseases. Acta Med Iran 52:511–514
Demet MM, Deveci A, Taskin EO, Ermertcan AT, Yurtsever F, Deniz F, Bayraktar D, Ozturkcan S (2005) Obsessive-compulsive disorder in a dermatology outpatient clinic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 27:426–430
Fineberg NA, O’Doherty C, Rajagopal S, Reddy K, Banks A, Gale TM (2003) How common is obsessive-compulsive disorder in a dermatology outpatient clinic? J Clin Psychiatry 64:152–155
Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG) (Taube M) (2006) AWMF online-S2-Leitlinie Psychosomatische Dermatologie (Reg.Nr. 013/024)
Yadav S, Narang T, Kumaran MS (2013) Psychodermatology: a comprehensive review. Indian J Dermatolgy Venereol Leprol 79:176–192
Basavaraj KH, Nawa MA, Rashmi R (2010) Relevance of psychiatry in dermatology: Present concepts. Indian J Psychiatry 52:270–275
Lee CS, Koo J (2003) Psychocutaneus drug therapy. Semin Cutan Med Surg 22:222–233
Poot F, Sampogna F, Onnis L (2007) Basic knowledge in psychodermatology. JEADV 21:227–234
Brown GE, Malakouti M, Sorenson E, Gupta R, Koo JYM (2015) Psychodermatology. In: Balon R, Wise TN (Hrsg) Clinical challenges in the biopsychosocial interface. Update on psychsomatics for the 21st centrury, Bd. 34. Karger, Basel, S 123–134 (Adv Psychosom Med)
Chung WL, Ng SS, Koh MJA, Peh LH, Liu T (2012) A review of patients managed at acombined psychodermatology clinic: a Singapore experience. Singabore Med J 53:789–793
Shenefelt PD (2011) Psychodermatological disorders: recognition and treatment. Int J Dermatol 50:1309–1322
Falkai P, Wittchen HU (Hrsg) (2014) Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen (DSM V). Hogrefe, Göttingen
Dilling H, Freyberger HJ (Hrsg) (1999) Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen (ICD-10). Hans Huber, Bern
Willemsen R, Roseeuw D, Vanderlinden J (2008) Alexithymia and dermatology: the state of the art. Int J Dermatol 47:903–910
Sifneos PE (1973) The prevalence of “alexithymic” characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychother Psychosom 22:255–262
Dieris-Hirche J (2013) Psychosoziale Faktoren der Neurodermitis im Erwachsenenalter. Dissertation
Saitta P, Keehan P, Yousif J, Way BV, Grekin S, Brancaccio R (2011a) An update on the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in Acne patients, Part 1: overwiew of prevalence. Cutis 88:33–40
Saitta P, Keehan P, Yousif J, Way BV, Grekin S, Brancaccio R (2011b) An update on the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in Acne patients, Part 2: depression, anxiety and suicide. Cutis 88:90–97
Fried RG, Wechsler A (2006) Psychological problems in the acne patient. Dermatol Ther 19:237–240
Hull PR, D’Arcy C (2005) Acne, depression and suicide. Dermatol Clin 23:665–674
Harth W, Gieler U (2006) Psychosomatische Dermatologie. Springer Medizin, Heidelberg
Simpson EL (2012) Comorbidity in atopic dermatitis. Curr Dermatol Rep 1(1):29–38
Schmitt J, Apfelbacher C, Chen CM, Romanos M, Sausenthaler S, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, Hoffmann U, Krämer U, Berdel D, von Berg A, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J, German Infant Nutrition Intervention Group (2010) Infant-onset eczema in relation to mental health problems advantage 10 years: results from a prospective birth cohort study (German Infant Nutrition Intervention; GINI plus). J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:404–410
Schmitt J, Chen CM, Apfelbacher C, Romanos M, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, Schaaf B, Krämer U, von Berg A, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J, LISA-plus study Group (2010) Infant eczema, infant sleeping problems, and mental health at 10 years of age: the prospective birth cohort study LISA plus. Allergy 66:404–411
Slattery MJ, Essex MJ, Paletz EM, Vaness ER, Infante M, Rogers GM, Gern JE (2011) Depression anxxiety and dermatologic quality of life in adolescents with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128:668–671
Slattery MJ, Essex MJ (2011) Specificity in the association of anxiety, depression and atopic disorders in a community sample of adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 45:788–795
Romanos M, Schmitt J (2012) Atopic dermatitis and ADHD. MMW Fortschr Med 154:52–53
Schmitt J, Apfelbacher C, Heinrich J, Weidinger S, Romanos M (2013) Association of atopic eczema and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 41:35–42
Yaghmaie P, Koudelka CW, Simpson EL (2013) Mental health comorbidity in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131:428–433
Buske-Kirschbaum A, Schmitt J, Plessow F, Romanos M, Weidinger S, Roessner V (2013) Psychoedocrine and psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms in the comorbidity of atopic eczema and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoendocrinology 38:12–23
Cheng CM, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Bai YM, Su TP, Li CT, Yang AC, Chang WH, Chen TJ, Tsai SJ, Chen MH (2015) Risk developing major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders among adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 178:60–65
Dorst J, Seikowski K (2012) Skin, bonding and partnership in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Hautarzt 63:214–220
Dieris-Hirche J, Milch WE, Kupfer J, Leweke F, Gieler U (2012) Atopic dermatitis attachment and partnership: a psychodermatological case control-study of adult patients. Acta Derm Venereol 92:462–466
Senra MS, Wollenberg A (2014) Psychodermatological aspects of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1:38–43
Dieris-Hirche J, Gieler U, Kupfer J, Milch WE (2009) Suicidal ideation, anxiety and depression in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Hautarzt 60:641–646
Hashizume H, Takigawa M (2006) Anxiety in allergy and atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 6:335–339
Mina S, Jabeen M, Singh S, Verma R (2015) Gender differences in depression and anxiety among atopic dermatitis patients. Indian J Dermatol 60:211–219
Shenefelt PD (2008) Therapeutic management of psychodermatological disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 9:973–985
Strutton DR, Kowalski JW, Glaser DA, Stang PE (2004) US prevalence of hyperhidrosis and impact on individuals with axillary hyperhidrosis: results from national survey. J Am Acad Dermatol 51:241–248
Mourikis I, Zervas I (2008) Disorders of sweating in psychiatry. Psychiatriki 19:59–72
Gross KM, Schote AB, Schneider KK, Schulz A, Meyer J (2014) Elevated social stress levels and depressive symptoms in primary hyperhidrosis. PLOS ONE 9(3):e92412
Hamm H, Naumann MK, Kowalski JW, Kütt S, Kozma C, Teale C (2006) Primary focal hyperhidrosis: disease characteristics and functional impairment. Dermatology 212(4):343–353
Vorkamp T, Foo FJ, Khan S, Schmitto JD, Wilson P (2010) Hyperhidrosis: evolving concepts and a comprehensive review. Surgeon 8:287–292
De Moura NB Junior, das-Neves-Pereira JC, de Oliveira FR, Jatene FB, Parra ER, Capelozzi VL, Wolosker N, de Campos JR (2013) Expression of atecylcholine and its receptor in human synthetic ganglia in primary hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 95:465–470
Fineberg JP (2014) Update on the pharmacology of selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B: focus on modulation of CNS monamine neurotransmitter release. Pharmacol Ther 143(2):133–152
Higley MJ, Picciotto MR (2014) Neuromodulation by acetylcholine: examples from schizophrenia and depression. Curr Opin Neurobiol 29:88–95
Gordon JL, Girdler SS, Meltzer-Brody SE, Stika CS, Thurston RC, Clark CT, Prairie BA, Moses-Kolko E, Joffe H, Wisner KL (2015) Ovarian hormone fluctuation, neurosteroids, and HPA axis dysregulation in perimenopausal depression: a novel heuristic model. Am J Psychiatry 172(3):227–236
Lessa L, Luz F, Rezende R, Duraes S, Harrison B, Menezes G, Fontenelle L (2014) The psychiatric facet of hyperhidrosis: demographics, disability, quality of life and associated psychopathology. J Psychiatr Prac 20(4):316–323
Davidson JR, Foa EB, Connor KM, Churchill LE (2002) Hyperhidrosis in social anxiety disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26:1327–1331
Ruchinskas RA, Narayan RK, Meagher RJ, Furukawa S (2002) The relationship of psychopathology and hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 147(4):733–735
Hamm H (2014) Impact of hyperhidrosis on quality of life and its assessment. Dermatol Clin 32:467–476
Schneier FR, Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR, Blanco C, Gorenstein LA (2012) Social anxiety and functional impairment in patients seeking surgical evaluation for hyperhidrosis. Compreh Psychiatr 53:1181–1186
An JG, Liu YT, Xiao SX, Wang JM, Geng SM, Dong YY (2013) Quality of life of Patients with Neurodermatitis. Int J Med Sci 10(59):593–598
Kretzmer GE, Gelkopf M, Kretzmer G, Melamed Y (2008) Idiopathic pruritus in psychiatric inpatients: an explorative study. Gen Hosp Psychaity 30:344–348
Martin-Brufau R, Corbalan-Berna J, Ramirez-Andreo A, Brufau-Redondo C, Liminana-Gras R (2010) Personality differences between patients with lichen simplex chronicus and normal population. A study of pruritus. Eur J Dermatol 20(83):359–363
Konuk N, Koca R, Atik L, Muhtar S, Atasoy N, Bostanci B (2007) Psychopathology, depression and dissociative experiences in patients with lichen simplex chronicus. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 29:232–235
Liao YH, Lin CC, Tsai PP, Shen WC, Sung FC, Kao CH (2014) Increased risk of lichen simplex chronicus in people with anxiety disorder. A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Br J Dermatol 170:890–894
Brenaut E, Horreau C, Pouplard C, Barnetche T, Paul C, Richard MA, Joly P, Le Maitre A, Aractingi S, Aubin F, Cribier B, Jullien D, Ortonne JP, Misery L (2013) Alcohol consumtion and psoriasis: a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27(Suppl 3):30–35
Adamzik K, McAleer MA, Kirby B (2013) Alcohol and psoriasis: sobering thoughts. Clin Exp Dermatol 38:819–822
Zou L, Lonne-Rahm SB, Helander A, Stokkeland K, Franck J, Nordlind K (2015) Alcohol intake measured by phosphatidylethanol in blood and the lifetime drinking history interview are correlated with the extent of psoriasis. Dermatology 230:375–380
Dowlatshahi EA, Wakkee M, Arends L, Nijsten T (2014) The prevalence and odds of depressive symptoms and clinical depression in psoriasis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Investigat Dermatol 134:1542–1551
Bangemann K, Schulz W, Wohlleben J, Weyergraf A, Snitjer I, Werfel T, Schmid-Ott G, Böhm D (2014) Depression und Angststörung bei Psoriasispatienten. Hautarzt 65:1056–1061
Martin-Brufau R, Romero-Brufau S, Martin-Gorgojo A, Brufau Redondo C, Corbalan J, Ulnik J (2015) Psoriasis lesions are associated with specific types of emotions. Emotional profile in psoriasis. Eur J Dermatol 25:329–334
Garshick MK, Kimball AB (2015) Psoriasis and the life cycle of persistent life effects. Dermatol Clin 33:25–39
Schmitt JM, Ford DE (2007) Role of depression in quality of life for patients with psoriasis. Dermatology 215(1):17–27
Noormohammadpour P, Fakour Y, Nazemei MJ, Ehsani A, Gholamali F, Morteza A, Mokhtari L, Khosrovanmehr N (2015) Evaluation of some psychological factors in psoriatic patients. Iran J Psychiatry 10:37–42
Schmitt J, Wozel G, Garzarolli M, Viehweg A, Bauer M, Leopold K (2014) Effectiveness of interdisciplinary vs. dermatological care of moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Acta Derm Venereol 94:192–197
Gupta MA, Gupta AK, Chen SJ, Johnson AM (2005) Comorbidity of rosacea and depression: an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical care Survey and National hospital Ambulatory Care Survey-Outpatient Departement data collected by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics from 1995-to 2002. Br J Dermatol 153:1176–1181
Spoendlin J, Bichsel F, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR (2014) The association between psychiatric diseases, psychotropic drugs and the risk of incident rosacea. Br J Dermatol 170:878–883
Scharschmidt TC, Yost JM, Truong SV, Steinhoff M, Wang KC, Berger TG (2011) Neorogenic Rosacea: a distinct clinical subtype requiring a modified approach to treatment. Arch Dermatol 147:123–126
Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Aubert J, Sulk M, Novak P, Schwab V, Mess C, Cevikbas F, Rivier M, Carlavan I, Deret S, Rosignoli C, Metze D, Luger TA, Voegel JJ (2011) Clinical, cellular and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of Rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 15:2–11
Schwab V, Sulk M, Seeliger S, Novak P, Aubert J, Mess C, Rivier M, Carlavan I, Rossio P, Metze D, Buddenkotte J, Cevikbas F, Voegel JJ, Steinhoff M (2011) Neurovascular and neuroimmun aspects in the pathophysiology of Rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 15:53–62
Elewski BE (2009) Safe and effective treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Cutis 83(6):333–338
Maietta G, Fornaro P, Rongioletti F, Rebora A (1990) Patients with mood depression have a high prevalence of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 70:432–434
Cömert A, Akbas B, Kilic EZ, Akin Ö, Gökce E, Göktuna Z, Taskapan O (2013) Psychaitric comorbidities and alexithymia in patients with seborrheic dermatitis: a questionnaire study in Turkey. Am J Clin Dermatol 14:335–342
Misery L, Touboul S, Vincot C, Dutray S, Rolland-Jacob G, Consoli SG, Farcet Y, Feton-Danou N, Cardinaud F, Callot V, De la Chapelle C, Pomey-Rey D, Consoli SM, Pour le Group Psychodermatologie (2007) Stress and seborrheic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol Venereol 134:833–837
Shapiro J, Wiseman M, Lui H (2000) Practical management of hair loss. Can Fam Physician 46:1469–1477
Whiting D (1996) Chronic telogen effluvium. Dermatol Clin 14(4):723–731
Harth W, Blume-Peytavi U (2013) Psychotrichology: psychosomatic aspects of hair diseases. JDDG. doi:10 1111/j.1610–0387.2012.o8034.x
Wallengren J, Isaksson A (2007) Urticarial dermographism: clinical features and response to psychosocial stress. Acta Derm Venereol 87:493–498
Staubach P, Dechene M, Metz M, Magerl M, Siebenhaar F, Weller K, Zezula P, Eckhardt-Henn A, Maurer M (2011) High prevalence of mental disorders and emotional distress in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Acta Derm Venereol 91:557–561
Calamita Z, Pela-Calamita AB (2013) Chronic spontaneous urticaria: epidemiological characteristics focusing on the histocompatibility profile and presence antibodies. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 12:8–11
Caffarelli C, Cuomo B, Cardinale F, Barberi S, Povesi Dascola C, Agostinis F, Franceschini F, Bernardini R (2013) Aetiological factors associated with chronic urticaria in children: a systematic review. Acta Derm Vener 93:268–272
Liu TH, Lin YR, Yang KC, Tsai YG, Fu YC, Wu TK, Wu HP (2010) Significant factors associated with severity and outcome of an initial episode of acute urticaria in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 21:1043–1051
Kuo CL, Chen CY, Huang HL, Chen WL, Lee HC, Chang CY, Chou CC, Ho SY, Wu HP, Lin YR (2014) Increased risk of major depression subsequent to a first-attack and non-infection caused urticaria in adolescence. A nationwide population.based study. BMC Pediatr 14:181–189
Ezzedine K, Eleftheriadou V, Whitton M, van Geel N (2015) Vitiligo. Lancet 386:74–84
De Barros JC, Machado Filho CD, Abreu LC, de Barros JA, Paschoal FM, Nomura MT, Marques E, Martins LC (2014) A study of clinical profiles of vitiligo in different ages: an analysis of 669 outpatients. Int J Dermatol 53:842–848
Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Nasreen S (2007) Frequency and pattern of psychiatric disorders in patients with vitiligo. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 19:19–21
Lindhorst Homan MW, Spuls PI, de Korte J, Bos JD, Sprangers MA, van der Veen JP (2009) The burden of vitiligo: patient characteristics associated with quality of life. J Am Acad Dermatol 61:411–420
Wang KY, Wang KH, Zhang ZP (2011) Health-related quality of life and marital quality of vitiligo patients in China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:429–435
Karelson M, Silm H, Kingo K (2013) Quality of life and emotional state in vitiligo in an Estonia sample: comparison with psoriasis and healthy controls. Acta Derm Venereol 93:446–450
Papadopoulos L, Bor R, Legg C (1999) Coping with the disfiguring effects of vitiligo: A preliminary investigation into the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy. Br J Med Psychol 72:385–396
Ruiz-Doblado S, Carrizosa A, Garcia-Hernandez MJ (2003) Alopecia areata: Psychiatric comorbidity and adjustment to illness. Int J Dermatol 42:434–437
Manolache L, Benea V (2007) Stress in patients with alopecia areata and vitiligo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21:921–928
Grahovac T, Ruzic K, Sepic-Grahovac D, Dadic-Hero E, Radonja AP (2010) Depressive disorder and Alopecia. Psychiatr Danub 22(2):293–295
Alfani S, Antinone V, Mozzetta A, DiPietro C, Mazzanti C, Stella P, Raskovich D, Abeni D (2012) Psychological status of patients with alopecia areata. Acta Derm Venereol 92:304–306
Abedini H, Farshi S, Mirabzadeh A, Keshavarz S (2014) Antidepressant effects of citalopram on treatment of alopecia areata in patients with major depressive disorder. J Dermatolog Treat 25:153–155
Jett K, Friedman JM (2010) Clinical and genetic aspects of neurofibromatosis 1. Genet Med 12(1):1–11
Belzeaux R, Lancon C (2006) Neurofibromatosis type 1: psychiatric disorders and quality of life impairment. Presse Med 35:277–280
Reichardt C, Scherwath A, Mautner VF, Bullinger M, Petersen-Ewert C (2013) Psychische Belastung von Erwachsenen mit Neurofibromatose Typ 1: Eine Längsschnittstudie. Psychother Psych Med 63:85–92
Koo J, Gambla C (1996) Delusions of parasitosis and other forms of monosymptomatic hypochondrial psychosis. General discussion and case illustrations. Dermatol Clin 14:429–438
Gupta MA, Gupta AK (2013) Cutaneous sensory disorder. Semin Cutan Med Surg 32(2):110–118
Yosipovitch G, Ishiuji Y, Patel TS, Hicks MI, Oshiro Y, Kraft RA, Winnicki E, Coghill RC (2008) The brain processing of scratching. J Investig Dermatol 128:1806–1811
Bin Saif GA, Ericson ME, Yosipivitch G (2011) The itchy scalp-scratching for an explanation. Exp Dermatol 20:959–968
Papoiu ADP, Nattkemper LA, Sanders KM, Kraft RA, Yiong-Huak C, Coghill RC, Yosipovitch G (2013) Brain’s reward circuits mediate itch relief. A functional MRI study of active scratching. PLOS ONE 8:e82389
Tey HL, Wallengren J, Yosipovitch G (2013) Psychosomatic factors in pruritus. Clin Dermatol 31:31–40
Ständer S, Raap U, Weisshaar E, Schmelz M, Mettang T, Handwerker H, Luger TA (2011) Pathogenesis of pruritus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 9:456–463
Ishuij Y, Coghill RC, Patel TS et al (2009) Distinct patterns of brain activity evoked by histamine-induced itch reveal an association with itch intensity and disease severity in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 161:1072–1080
Schneider G, Hockmann J, Stumpf A (2014) Psychosomatic aspects of prurigo nodularis. Hautarzt 65(8):704–708
Reiß M, Reiß G (2004) Das Burning Mouth Syndrom-Ursachen, Differentialdiagnose und Therapie. Ther Umsch 61:308–312
Coculescu EC, Tovaru S, Coculescu BI (2014) Epidemiological and etiological aspects of burning mouth syndrome. J Med Life 7(3):305–309
Trikkas C, Nikolatou O, Samara C, Bazopoulou-Kyrkanidou E, Rabavilas AD, Christodoulou GN (1996) Glossodynia: personality characteristics and psychopathology. Psychother Psychosom 65:163–168
Minguez-Sanz MP, Salort-Llorca C, Silvestre-Donat FJ (2011) Etiology of burning mouth syndrome: a review and update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 16:e1448
Wong JW, Koo JYM (2013b) Psychopharmacological therapies in dermatology. Dermatol Online J 19:1–7
Dadic-Hero E, Ruzic C, Grahovac T, Graovac M, Palijan TZ, Sepic-Grahovac D (2011) Allergic reactions outcome of sertraline and es-citalopram treatments. Psychiat Danubin 23:120–122
Gross CM, Klöcker M, Jacob T, Klecha D (2009) Dermatologische Nebenwirkungen unter Therapie mit Serotonin-Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmern. Nervenarzt 79:1304–1309
Diab M, Coloe J, Bechtel MA (2009) Bullous pemphigoid precipitated by galantamine hydrobromide. Cutis 83:139–140
Ordonez L, Salgueiro E, Jimeno FJ, Manso G (2015) Spontaneous reporting of Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with antiepileptic drugs. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19:2732–2737
Blaszczyk B, Lason W, Czuczwar SJ (2015) Antiepileptic drugs and adverse skin reactions: an update. Pharmacol Rep 67(3):426–434
Harth W, Seikowski K, Gieler U, Niemeier V, Hillert A (2007b) Psychopharmacological treatment of dermatological patients- when simply talking does not help. JDDG 12:1101–1107
Shukla R, Sasseville D (2008) Psychopharmacology in Psychodermatology. J Cut Med Surg 12:255–267
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
P. Mavrogiorgou und G. Juckel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mavrogiorgou, P., Juckel, G. Dermatologische Erkrankungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Psychiatrie. Nervenarzt 88, 254–267 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0082-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0082-4