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Die arthroskopische Entfernung des dorsalen Handgelenksganglions

Arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion cysts

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Zusammenfassung

Operationsziel

Schmerzlinderung und Funktionsverbesserung des betroffenen Handgelenks durch Entfernung des Ganglions und/oder dorsale Kapselfensterung und partielle Synovialektomie. Bei sichtbaren Ganglien Berücksichtigung des ästhetischen Aspekts.

Indikationen

Sichtbare und okkulte persistierende dorsale Handgelenksganglien, offen oder arthroskopisch voroperierte Rezidivganglien, intraossäre Ganglien mit extraossärem Anteil.

Kontraindikationen

Frische Hautläsion am Handgelenk.

Operationstechnik

Standardaufbau für die Handgelenkarthroskopie. Portale: radiokarpal 3/4 und 6R, mediokarpal radial (RMC) und mediokarpal ulnar (UMC). Arthroskop zunächst im 3/4-Portal. Bei unzureichender Sicht auf die dorsale Kapselumschlagfalte Wechsel auf das 6R-Portal. Tangentialer Blick auf die dorsale Kapsel in Höhe des skapholunären (SL-)Bands. Bei großem, das 3/4- oder RMC-Portal überdeckenden Ganglion primär ulnarer Zugang. Immer Versuch der Gangliondarstellung, v. a. bei okkultem Ganglion. Bei unauffälligem radiokarpalen Befund wird die dorsale Kapsel in Höhe des SL-Bands vom UMC-Portal eingesehen. Je nach Hauptlokalisation der sichtbaren Veränderung, Ganglion oder Kapselverdickung, lokale Synovialektomie und dorsale Kapselfensterung über dem SL-Band radiokarpal, mediokarpal oder durchgehend radiomediokarpal. Palpatorische Prüfung, ob das Ganglion verschwunden ist. Arthroskop mit 30°-Optik, Durchmesser 2,4 mm, Shaver („agressive cutter“), Durchmesser 2 mm. Niedervakuumdrainage, Watteverband. Ein Arthroskop mit 70°-Optik ermöglicht einen noch besseren Blick auf die dorsale Kapsel.

Weiterbehandlung

Sofortige freie Handgelenkmobilisierung. Keine schwere Belastung für 3 Wochen. Falls 3 Wochen postoperativ Handgelenkbeugung nicht frei, Physiotherapie erforderlich.

Ergebnisse

Von 2007 bis 2010 wurden 92 Handgelenke bei 88 Patienten arthroskopisch operiert, 44 % wegen eines okkulten Ganglions, 17 % wegen eines Rezidivs. Bei einem mittleren Follow-up von 78 % nach 29,5 Monaten war die Patientenzufriedenheit mit 90 % hoch. Als einzige Komplikation trat bei einem Patienten ein komplexes regionales Schmerzsyndrom (CRPS) auf. Die Rezidivrate betrug 12,5 %.

Abstract

Objective

Pain relief and improvement of hand function by ganglion cyst resection and/or creation of a dorsal capsular window with partial synovectomy. In the case of visible ganglion cysts consideration of aesthetic aspects.

Indications

Visible and occult persisting dorsal wrist ganglion cysts, recurrent ganglion cyst after open or arthroscopic resection and intraosseous ganglion cyst with an extraosseous portion.

Contraindications

Recent skin lesion of the wrist.

Surgical Technique

Standard setting for wrist arthroscopy. Portals: radiocarpal 3‑4 and 6R, midcarpal radial (RMC) and midcarpal ulnar (UMC) portals. Start with arthroscopy in 3‑4 portal. If there is insufficient visualization of the dorsal capsular fold, change the arthroscope to the 6R portal. From here a tangential view onto the dorsal capsule at the level of the scapholunate (SL) ligament can be obtained. If a large ganglion overlying the 3‑4 portal or the RMC portal is present, UMC portals are primarily used. Intra-articular visualization of ganglion structures should always be attempted, especially for occult ganglion cysts. If the radiocarpal findings are inconspicuous, midcarpal arthroscopy from the UMC portal is performed to visualize the dorsal capsule at the SL ligament. Depending on the main localization of the visible alterations, ganglion or thickening of the capsule, a dorsal capsular window is created at the level of the SL ligament either radiocarpal or midcarpal or overlying both joints. Complete resection of the ganglion is controlled by palpation. Use of a 2.4 mm arthroscope with 30° angle of vision and 2.5 mm shaver (aggressive cutter). Low-suction drainage and soft padded dressing. An arthroscope with 70° angle of vision enables an even better view onto the dorsal capsule.

Postoperative management

Immediate wrist mobilization, avoidance of excessive loading for 3 weeks. Physiotherapy is necessary if wrist flexion is not regained 3  weeks postoperatively.

Results

From 2007 to 2010 a total of 92 wrists from 88 patients were treated by arthroscopic ganglion cyst resection, 44 % for occult and 17 % for recurrent ganglia. At a mean follow-up of 78 % after 29.5 months a high patient satisfaction of 90 % was achieved. The only complication was a complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in one patient. The recurrence rate was 12.5 %.

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Correspondence to N. Borisch.

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N. Borisch gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine vom Autor durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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J. van Schoonhoven, Bad Neustadt

Zeichner

R. Himmelhan, Mannheim

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Borisch, N. Die arthroskopische Entfernung des dorsalen Handgelenksganglions. Oper Orthop Traumatol 28, 270–278 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-016-0442-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-016-0442-z

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