Abstract
After in vitro screening of more than 100 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere on their antagonistic effect against Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and P. cactorum, the two causal agents of red stele and crown rot disease of strawberry, three bacteria out of different genera Raoultella terrigena (G-584), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (G-V1) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (2R1-7) were found with the highest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of both Phytophthora spp. For the management of both fungal diseases the antagonistic bacteria were further evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse all three bacteria were significantly effective in reducing red core and crown rot, exhibited a similar level of control as the chemical fungicide Aliette of up to 59%. In field trials conducted at different locations in Germany under artificially and naturally infested soil conditions in two season 2003 to 2005, different level of biocontrol was performed by the tested bacteria. In trial of the first season under artificial conditions, the three rizhobacteria showed a significant control up to 45% against both diseases and in the next season, only B. amyloliquefaciens was effective against red stele. Under natural conditions, significant effect of 37.5% was observed from a mixture of R. terrigena and B. amyloliquefaciens in first season and in second season R. terrigena showed significant effect of 45.1% in the northern part of Germany. In the south, R. terrigena and B. amyloliquefaciens were significantly efficient up to 51.5% and the overall effect were similar to Aliette.
Zusammenfassung
Nach dem in vitro-Screening von mehr als 100 bakteriellen Isolaten aus der Rhizosphäre auf ihren antagonistischen Effekt gegen Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae und P. cac-torum, den beiden Erregern der Rhizomfäule und Roten Wurzelfäule der Erdbeere, konnten drei Bakterienstämme aus unterschiedlichen Gattungen, und zwar Raoultella terrigena (G-584), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (G-V1) und Pseudomonas fluorescens (2R1-7) mit inhibitorischen Eigenschaften auf das Mycelwachstum der beiden Phytophthora spp. nachgewiesen werden. Anschließend wurden die antagonistischen Bakte-rien zur potentiellen Kontrolle der beiden Pilzkrankheiten unter Gewächshaus- und Freilandbedingungen überprüft. Im Gewächshaus zeigten alle drei Bakterienstämme eine signifi-kante Reduktion von Roter Wurzelfäule und Rhizomfäule und wiesen einen vergleichbaren Bekämpfungserfolg wie der che-mische Standard Alliette von bis zu 59% auf. In den Freiland-tests, die an unterschiedlichen Standorten in Deutschland unter künstlichen und natürlichen Infektionsbedingungen während der Vegetationsperioden von 2003 bis 2005 erfolgten, wurden unterschiedliche Bekämpfungseffekte von den getesteten Bakterienstämmen erzielt. Nach künstlicher Infektion zeigten die drei Rhizobakterien in der ersten Vegetations-periode einen signifikanten Bekämpfungsgrad gegen die beiden Krankheiten von bis zu 45%. In der nächsten Vegetations-periode wies nur Bacillus amyloliquefaciens einen Effekt gegen die Rote Wurzelfäule auf. Unter natürlichen Bedingungen konnte eine 37,5% Wirkung durch ein Gemisch aus R. terrigena und B. amyloliquefaciens in der ersten Vegetationsperiode und nachfolgend von 45,1% in Norddeutschland festgestellt werden. In einer Anlage in Süddeutschland war ein signifikanter Effekt von bis zu 51,1% vorhanden, der dem Alliette vergleichbar war.
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Anandhakumar, J., Zeller, W. Biological control of red stele (Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae) and crown rot (P. c a c t o r u m ) disease of strawberry with rhizobacteria. J Plant Dis Prot 115, 49–56 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356238
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356238
Key words
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
- biocontrol
- crown rot disease
- Phytophthora cactorum
- Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
- Raoultella terrigena
- red core disease