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Induction of resistance to fire blight in apple by acibenzolar-S-methyl and DL-3-aminobutyric acid

Resistenzinduktion gegenüber Feuerbrand an Apfel durch Acibenzolar-S-methyl und DL-3-Aminobuttersäure

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Abstract

Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is one of the most important bacterial diseases of apple and pear world-wide. DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA; 1.0 mg ml−1) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM; 0.1 mg ml−1) were applied as foliar treatments on apple seedlings at various days before inoculation (dbi) either alone or in combination at different time sequences. Asm was slightly more effective than Baba in controlling fire blight disease expressed as browning discolouration index (BDI) and stem bending index (Sbi). Combined treatments in sequence with BABA/ASM drastically reduced disease expression (BDI 98.1%, SBI 97.8%) for a long period and proved to be more effective than the other treatments. The highest degrees of induced resistance were obtained when Baba and Asm were applied in sequence 4 and 2 dbi or 6 and 4 dbi, respectively. The resistance inducing effects gradually decreased when the period of time between treatment and inoculation increased. Peroxidase (PO) activities increased more markedly in inoculated leaf tissues treated with ASM and BABA/ASM than in BABA-treated plants and in inoculated control tissues. Inoculated or not inoculated apple seedlings treated with BABA alone or combined with ASM (BABA/ASM) revealed the highest levels of both total and free salicylic acid (Sa) in leaf tissues. Moreover, in leaf tissue treated with the combination Baba/Asm the lowest number of bacterial cells was determined.

Zusammenfassung

Feuerbrand, hervorgerufen durch Erwinia amylovora, gehört weltweit zu den bedeutendsten Bakterienkrankheiten an Apfel und Birne. Apfelsämlinge wurden im Sprühverfahren mit DL-3-Aminobuttersäure (BABA; 1,0 mg ml−1) und Aciben-zolar-S-methyl (ASM; 0,1 mg ml−1) an unterschiedlichen Tagen vor Inokulation (dbi) entweder allein oder in Kombination in verschiedener zeitlicher Sequenz behandelt. Hinsichtlich der Unterdrückung der Feuerbrandsymptome, die als Blattverbräunungsindex (BDI) und Stängelkrümmungsindex (SBI) ausgewertet wurden, erwies sich ASM als etwas stärker wirksam als BABA. Kombinierte Behandlung mit BABA/ASM in Sequenz verminderte drastisch den Krankheitsbefall (BDI 98,1%, SBI 97,8%) während einer langen Zeitspanne und erwies sich als wirksamer als die übrigen Behandlungen. Die stärkste Resistenz-induzierende Wirkung wurde erzielt, wenn BABA und ASM in Sequenz 4 und 2 dbi oder 6 und 4 dbi angewendet wurden. Die Resistenz-induzierende Wirkung verminderte sich bei zunehmender Zeitspanne zwischen Behandlung und Inokulation. Peroxidase (PO)-Aktivitäten nahmen in inokulierten Blattgeweben, die mit ASM und BABA/ASM behandelt worden waren, stärker zu als in BABA-behandelten Pflanzen und inokulierten Kontrollgeweben. Inokulierte oder nicht inokulierte Apfelsämlinge, die mit BABA allein oder in Kombination mit BABA/ASM behandelt worden waren, zeigten in den Blattgeweben die höchsten Gehalte an gesamter und freier Salicylsäure (SA). Darüber hinaus wurde in BABA/ASM-behandelten Blättern die niedrigste Zahl an Bakterienzellen nachgewiesen.

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  1. Institut für Phytomedizin (360), Universität Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany

    M.A.E. Hassan & H. Buchenauer

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  1. M.A.E. Hassan
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  2. H. Buchenauer
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Hassan, M., Buchenauer, H. Induction of resistance to fire blight in apple by acibenzolar-S-methyl and DL-3-aminobutyric acid. J Plant Dis Prot 114, 151–158 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356211

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