Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Artifacts in blood velocity estimation using ultrasound and cross-correlation

  • Blood Flow Velocity
  • Published:
Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Estimation of blood velocities using ultrasound and time-domain cross-correlation is investigated. The measurement principle is introduced, and the basic properties of the cross-correlation function are discussed. Expressions for the variance of the estimates of the peak location are given, showing the influence of integration time, tranducer bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. It is also shown that the technique can be implemented using only the sign of the signals. A simple simulation program is used in order to study the exact influence from the different parameters Using the program, it is shown that any velocity can result from the estimation with a certain probability regardless of the true velocity, when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. This is due to the non-linear estimation technique employed and shows that estimation variance yields little information for this estimator. Graphs are given for the probability of correct estimation, when the different parameters are varied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bendat, J. S., andPiersol, A. G. (1986): ‘Random data: analysis and measurement procedures’ (John Wiley & Sons) 2nd Edn.

  • Bonnefous, O. (1989): ‘Statistical analysis and the time correlation process applied to velocity measurement.’ IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., pp. 887–892

  • Bonnefous, O., andPesoué, P. (1986): ‘Time domain formulation of pulse-Doppler ultrasound and blood velocity estimation by cross correlation,’Ultrason. Imag.,8, pp. 73–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnefous, O., Pesqué, P., andBernard, X. (1986): ‘A new velocity estimator for color flow mapping.’ IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., pp. 855–860

  • Dotti, D., Gatti, E., Svelto, V., Uggè, A., andVidali, P. (1976): ‘Blood flow measurements by ultrasound correlation techniques,’Energia Nucleare,23, pp. 571–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Embree, P. M., andO’Brien, W. D. (1990): ‘Volumetric blood flow via time-domain correlation: experimental verification,’IEEE Trans.,UFFC-37, pp. 176–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, S. G., Embree, P. M., andO’Brien, W. D. (1990): ‘Flow velocity profile via time-domain correlation: error analysis and computer simulation,’IEEE Trans.,UFFC-37, pp. 164–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J. A., andMathorne, J. (1991): ‘A sampling system for clinical ultrasound images’in Kim, Y. (Ed.) ‘Medical imaging V: image capture, formatting, and display’ Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1444, pp. 221–231

  • Kasai, C., Namekawa, K., Koyano, A., andOmoto, R. (1985): ‘Real-time two-dimensional blood flow imaging using an autocorrelation technique,’IEEE Trans.,SU-32, pp. 458–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Papoulis, A. (1965): ‘Probability, random variables and stochastic processes’ (McGraw-Hill Book Company)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electronics Institute, Technical University of Denmark, build. 349, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark

    J. A. Jensen

Authors
  1. J. A. Jensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jensen, J.A. Artifacts in blood velocity estimation using ultrasound and cross-correlation. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 32 (Suppl 1), S165–S170 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523343

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523343

Keywords

Search

Navigation