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Primary hyperparathyroidism in children, adolescents, and young adults

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Abstract

Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is considered a rare disease in children and an uncommon one in adolescents and young adults. Until 1975, only 60 children under the age of 16 years had been reported with proven HPT. Most had symptoms of weakness, irritability, anorexia, and weight loss. Severe hypercalcemia (serum calcium>15 mg/ 100 ml) and radiologic evidence of bone changes were common findings, and suggested delayed diagnoses.

This report is based on the clinical and laboratory findings in 53 young patients with proven primary HPT (range: 1–30 years of age) from 1971 to 1980, treated in one hospital. There were 29 male and 24 female patients, 26 of whom developed symptoms before age 18. Common symptoms included hematuria and renal colic (50%), renal calculi (50%), and hypertension with (6%) and without (3%) severe headaches. Although 64.2% of patients had adenomas, only 54% of patients under 18, and as many as 77.8% over 18, had them. The incidence of hyperplasia was markedly increased in the patients under 18 (38%) as compared to the patients over 18 (18.5%) or the group taken as a whole (30.2%). The following associated diseases were identified: MEA I syndrome (4); MEA II syndrome (4); von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis; papillary carcinoma of thyroid; craniopharyngioma; and multiple metaphyseal chondromatosis. One child had hereditary neonatal parathyroid hyperplasia.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is more common than previously suspected in young people. Symptoms of renal stones, hypertension, persistent headaches, unexplained anorexia, and weight loss should prompt evaluation for primary HPT. If hyperplasia is found, the patient and family should be investigated for associated endocrinopathies.

Résumé

L'hyperparathyroïdie est considérée une maladie extraordinaire des infants et bien rare des adolescents et des jeunes adultes. Jusqu'à 1975, seulement 60 enfants qui avaient moins de 16 ans étaient rapportés avec l'hyperparathyroïdie verifiée. La majorité avaient les symptômes de faiblesse, irritabilité, anorexie et perdu des poids. L'hypercalcémie severe (calcémies > 15 mg/100 ml) et l'évidence radiologique d'abnormalitiés osseux sont les conclusions ordinaires, et cela donne l'idée que le diagnostic était tard.

Ce rapport présente les données cliniques et du laboratoire de 53 malades jeunes avec l'hyperparathyroïdie vérifiée (1–30 ans) pendant dix ans entre 1971 à 1980 qui ont reçu les traitements dans le même hôpital.

Vingt-neuf étaient mâle; 24 étaient female. Vingtsix ont developés les symptômes avant qui avaient 18 ans. Les symptômes assez répandue englobait hematurie avec la colique des reins (50%), des calculs renais (50%), et hypertension artérielle avec (6) et sans (3) mal à tête sévère.

64.2% des malades avaient l'adenômes compris seulement 54% des malades qui avaient moins de 18 ans et jusqu'à 77.8% qui avaient 18 ans et davantage. L'incidence d'hyperplasie était augmentée des malades qui avaient moins de 18 ans (38%) en comparaison de ceux qui avaient 18 ans et davantage (18.5%) ou toutes les malades (30.2%). L'hyperparathyroïdie était associée avec: MEA I (4); MEA II (4); neurofibromatose de von Recklinghausen; carcinomie papillaire de thyróidie; craniopharyngioma et “multiple metaphyseal chondramotosis.” Un enfant avait hyperplasie neonatal, héréditaire de parathyroïdie.

L'hyperparathyroïdie des jeunes malades est plus ordinaire qu'on pense bien auparavant. Les symptômes de calculs renais, hypertension artérielle, mals à tête persistants, anorexie inexpliqué et perdu des poids demandent l'evaluation prompt d'hyperparathyroïdie. Si l'hyperplasie de parathyroïdie est trouvée, on doit étudier le malade et sa famille pour chercher des autres endocrinopathies associées.

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Presented before the annual meeting of the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons, Montreux, Switzerland, September, 1981.

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Allo, M., Thompson, N.W., Harness, J.K. et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism in children, adolescents, and young adults. World J. Surg. 6, 771–775 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655371

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