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Long-Term Outcomes in the USA

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Moyamoya Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Moyamoya disease (MMD) was first described in the Japanese population, and remains significantly more common in Asia. The etiology of the disease remains unknown, but it is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder that manifests as progressive stenosis and occlusion of the large intracranial arteries, and formation of abnormal collateral vascular supply as a compensatory mechanism. The disease has since been recognized as a clinical entity in non-Asian populations, but its true incidence in these populations remains unclear. MMD in the USA is of growing interest in recent years, and multiple authors have contributed series of long-term outcomes after treatment for MMD, which are now available.

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Abbreviations

CBF:

cerebral blood flow

CT:

computed tomography

DSA:

digital subtraction angiography

DWI:

diffusion weighted imaging

ECIC:

extracranial-intracranial

EDAS:

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis

ICA:

internal carotid artery

ICH:

intracerebral hemorrhage

IPH:

intraparenchymal hemorrhage

IVH:

intraventricular hemorrhage

MAP:

mean arterial pressure

MMD:

moyamoya disease

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

mRS:

modified Rankin Score

OR:

odds ratio

PET:

positron emission tomography

SAH:

subarachnoid hemorrhage

SPECT:

single photon emission computed tomography

STA:

superficial temporal artery

TIA:

transient ischemic attack

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Syed Uzair Ahmed & Gary K. Steinberg

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  1. Syed Uzair Ahmed
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  2. Gary K. Steinberg
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Correspondence to Gary K. Steinberg .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Satoshi Kuroda

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Ahmed, S.U., Steinberg, G.K. (2021). Long-Term Outcomes in the USA. In: Kuroda, S. (eds) Moyamoya Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6404-2_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6404-2_21

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