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miRNAs and Its Regulatory Role on Autophagy in Tumor Microenvironment

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Autophagy in tumor and tumor microenvironment

Abstract

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that helps in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Generally, it is involved in the recycling of unwanted proteins and damaged organelles but upon cellular stress, it helps in the survival of the cells. It is a tightly regulated process and any discrepancy in its regulation leads to the generation of many pathological abnormalities. During the early phase of cancer, it functions as a tumor suppressor whereas, at later stages, it facilitates tumor growth and helps in generating resistance to cancerous cells. Due to this functional switch of the pathway, many studies have been undertaken to find the mechanism behind its regulation in different cancer types and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently explored to be one of the regulatory factors. miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the gene expression of most protein-coding genes post-transcriptionally. They control many important biological pathways including autophagic response in cancer. Their expression also gets dysregulated during different stages of cancer and thus gives a promising window of their utility as an attractive target during tumor therapy. Therefore, considering the potential of autophagy regulating miRNAs as future drug targets, this review is focused on recent advances in linking miRNAs to the regulation of autophagy pathway and their role in cancer and their implications in cancer treatment.

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Abbreviations

ATG:

Autophagy-related

CLL:

Chronic lymphocyte leukemia

CoL10A1:

Collagen α-1(X) chain

ELAVL1:

Embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein-1

EOC:

Epithelial ovarian cancer

FIP 2000:

Focal adhesion kinase

hnRNP A1:

Heterogenous unclear ribonucleoprotein A1

LAMP1:

Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1

LAMP2:

Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2

miRNA:

microRNA

mTOR:

Mammalian target for rapamycin

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

PE:

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

PIK3C3:

Phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase catalytic subunit type 3

PKM1:

Pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 1

PKM2:

Pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2

PTB1:

Polypyrimidine tsat binding protein 1

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

RLC:

RISC-loading complex

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TBCC:

Tumor-binding cofactor C

TIGAR:

TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator

TRPM3:

Transient receptor potential melastatin 3

ULK:

Unc 51 like kinase

UTR:

Untranslated region

UVRAG:

UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein

VHL:

Van hippel lindeu

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Acknowledgments

Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India (EMR/2016/000048, EEQ/2016/000205 and DST/INSPIRE/Faculty award/ 2014/DST/INSPIRE/04/2014/01662) is acknowledged by R.D. for the generous financial support to his laboratory. R.D. is also thankful to the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), Govt. of India for intramural support. The research fellowship by DST to A.B. and MHRD to A.M., A.K. and L.N. is deeply acknowledged. D.M. is thankful to DST for Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) fellowship.

Declaration of competing interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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  1. Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Assirbad Behura, Abtar Mishra, Ashish Kumar, Lincoln Naik, Debraj Manna & Rohan Dhiman

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Debraj Manna

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  1. Assirbad Behura
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  1. Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Sujit Kumar Bhutia

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Behura, A., Mishra, A., Kumar, A., Naik, L., Manna, D., Dhiman, R. (2020). miRNAs and Its Regulatory Role on Autophagy in Tumor Microenvironment. In: Bhutia, S.K. (eds) Autophagy in tumor and tumor microenvironment . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6930-2_4

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