Abstract
Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is defined as a cardiomyopathy characterized by mechanical dysfunction in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. This category contains various kinds of heart disease. Patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy sometimes present lethal ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation. According to guidelines, the first-line therapy for non-ischemic VT is optimization of the ICD programming and antiarrhythmic drugs. However, ventricular tachyarrhythmias cannot be prevented by the ICD itself. The mechanism of non-ischemic VTs is mainly reentry. Therefore, the same mapping and ablation techniques using 3D mapping system for past-infarction VT can be applied. Catheter ablation is also highly effective in patients with non-ischemic VT as post-infarction VT.
References
Pedersen CT, Kay GN, Kalman J, et al. EHRA/HRS/APHRS expert consensus on ventricular arrhythmias. Europace. 2014;16:1267–83.
Hsia HH, Marchlinski FE. Characterization of the electroanatomic substrate for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:1114–27.
Pogwizd SM, McKenzie JP, Cain ME. Mechanisms underlying spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1998;98:2404–14.
de Bakker JM, van Capelle FJ, Janse MJ, et al. Slow conduction in the infarcted human heart. ‘Zigzag’ course of activation. Circulation. 1993;88:915–26.
Soejima K, Stevenson WG, Sapp JL, et al. Endocardial and epicardial radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. The importance of low-voltage scars. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1834–42.
Oloriz T, Silberbauer J, Maccabelli G, et al. Catehter ablation of ventricular arrhythmia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Anterosptal versus inferolateral scar sub-types. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7:414–23.
Gokoglan Y, Mohanty S, Gianni C, et al. Scar homogenization versus limited-substrate ablation in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:1990–8.
Zeppenfeld K, Schalij MJ, Bartelings MM, et al. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia after repair of congenital heart disease: electroanatomic identification of the critical right ventricular isthmus. Circulation. 2007;116:2241–52.
Kriebel T, Saul JP, Schneider H, Sigler M, Paul T. Noncontact mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation of fast and hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2162–8.
Fedgchin B, Pavri BB, Greenspon AJ, Ho RT. Unique self-perpetuating cycle of atrioventricular block and phase IV bundle branch block in a patient with bundle branch reentrant tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1:493–6.
Lewalter T, Jung W, Preusse CJ, Lickfett L, Wolpert C, Yang A, Welz A, Luderitz B. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of an incessant ventricular tachycardia following valve surgery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25:105–8.
Eckart RE, Hruczkowski TW, Tedrow UBZ, Koplan ZBA, Epstein LM, Stevenson WG. Sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with correctrive valve surgery. Circulation. 2007;116:2005–11.
Mazzanti A, Ng K, Faragli A, Maragna R, Chiodaroli E, et al. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Clinical course and predictors of arrhythmic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:2540–50.
Kies P, Bootsma M, Bax J, Schalij MJ, van der Wall EE. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy: screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:225–34.
Liuba I, Marchlinski FE. The substrate and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circ J. 2013;77:1957–66.
Marra MP, Leoni L, Bauce B, Corbetti F, Zorzi A, Migliore F, et al. Imaging study of ventricular scar in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: comparison of 3D standard electroanatomical voltage mapping and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5:91–100.
Bai R, Di Biase L, Shivkumar K, et al. Ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy arrhythmia-free survival after endo-epicardial substrate based mapping and ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2011;4:478–85.
Berruezo A, Fern’andez-Armenta J, Mont L, et al. Combined endocardial and epicardial catheter ablation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia incorporating scar dechanneling technique. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5:111–21.
Philips B, Madhavan S, James C, et al. High prevalence of catecholamine-facilitated focal ventricular tachycardia in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6(1):160–6.
Birnie DH, Sauer WH, Bogun F, Cooper JM, Culver DA, et al. HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis ans management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(7):1304–23.
Naruse Y, Sekiguchi Y, Nogami A, Okada H, Yamauchi Y, et al. Systemic treatment approach to ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7:407–13.
Jefic D, Joel B, Good E, et al. Role of radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis: report from a multicenter registry. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:189–95.
Koplan BA, Soejima K, Baughman K, Epstein LM, Stevenson WG. Refractory ventricular tachycardia secondary to cardiac sarcoid: electrophysiologic characteristics, mapping, and ablation. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:924–9.
Kumar S, Barbhaiya C, Nagashima K, Choi EK, Epstein LM, et al. Ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis. Characterization of ventricular substrate and outcomes of catheter ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:87–93.
Muser D, Santangeli P, Pathak RK, Castro SA, Liang JJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2016;9:e004333. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.111.004333.
Sacher F, Tedrow UB, Field ME, et al. Ventricular tachycardia ablation: evolution of patients and procedures over 8 years. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2008;1:153–61.
Tokuda M, Tedrow UB, Kojodjojo P, et al. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic heart disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5:992–1000.
Goya M, Fukunaga M, Hiroshima K, Hayashi K, Makihara Y, et al. Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. J Arrhythm. 2015;31(1):22–8.
Kumar S, Romero J, Mehta N, Fujii A, Kapur S, et al. Long-term outcome after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with and without structural heart disease. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13:1957–63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goya, M. (2018). Ventricular Tachycardia in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy. In: Hirao, K. (eds) Catheter Ablation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4463-2_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4463-2_35
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4462-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4463-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)