Abstract
For species inhabiting naturally patchy or fragmented landscapes, conservation often is guided by metapopulation theory. A metapopulation is a set of spatially separated populations connected by movement of individuals among populations. The metapopulation can persist, despite extinctions of local populations, if populations are connected enough to allow for adequate recolonization of vacant habitat.Because wetlands occur as geographically isolated habitats, many wetland-associated species could display metapopulation dynamics. However, classical metapopulations may be rare, and metapopulations can have a diversity of spatial structures. Practical metapopulation approaches are grounded in the “area-isolation paradigm” in which the area of a habitat patch is the main predictor of local extinctions, and connectivity to other source populations is the main predictor of colonization. The generality of the area-isolation paradigm has been questioned, however, and its shortcomings relate to the need to consider habitat heterogeneity. Wetlands can differ in habitat quality and they are embedded in a heterogeneous terrestrial matrix. Functional connectivity of metapopulations depends on how movements of individuals interact with the terrestrial habitat matrix. Despite these complexities, recognition of metapopulation dynamics for wetland species has forced managers to think about biodiversity conservation at landscape scales and highlights the importance of wetland-upland linkages.
References
Andrewartha HG, Birch LC. The distribution and abundance of animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1954.
Brown JH, Kodric-Brown A. Turnover rates in insular biogeography: effect of immigration on extinction. Ecology. 1977;58:445–9.
Clobert J, Baguette M, Benton TG, Bullock JM, editors. Dispersal ecology and evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Cosentino BJ, Schooley RL, Phillips CA. Wetland hydrology, area, and isolation influence occupancy and spatial turnover of the painted turtle Chrysemys picta. Landscape Ecol. 2010;25:1589–600.
Cosentino BJ, Schooley RL, Phillips CA. Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory fish on salamander metapopulation dynamics. Ecosphere. 2011;2(8):1–14. art 95.
Hanski I, Gaggiotti OE, editors. Ecology, genetics, and evolution of metapopulations. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004.
Hanski I. Metapopulation dynamics: from concepts and observations to predictive models. In: Hanski IA, Gilpin ME, editors. Metapopulation biology: ecology, genetics, and evolution. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997. p. 69–91.
Harrison S, Taylor SH. Empirical evidence for metapopulation dynamics. In: Hanski I, Gilpin ME, editors. Metapopulation biology: ecology, genetics, and evolution. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997. p. 27–42.
Levins R. Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Bull Entomol Soc Am. 1969;15:237–40.
Marsh DM, Trenham PC. Metapopulation dynamics and amphibian conservation. Conserv Biol. 2001;15:40–9.
Opdam P, Wascher D. Climate change meets habitat fragmentation: linking landscape and biogeographical scale levels in research and conservation. Biol Conserv. 2004;117:285–97.
Pellet J, Fleishman E, Dobkin DS, Gander A, Murphy DD. An empirical evaluation of the area and isolation paradigm of metapopulation dynamics. Biol Conserv. 2007;136:483–95.
Prugh LR, Hodges KE, Sinclair ARE, Brashares JS. Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations. Proc Nat Acad Sciences USA. 2008;105:20770–5.
Schooley RL, Branch LC. Spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality and cross-scale interactions in metapopulations. Ecosystems. 2007;10:846–53.
Schooley RL, Branch LC. Enhancing the area-isolation paradigm: habitat heterogeneity and metapopulation dynamics of a rare wetland mammal. Ecol App. 2009;19:1708–22.
Schooley RL, Branch LC. Habitat quality of source patches and connectivity in fragmented landscapes. Biodivers Conserv. 2011;20:1611–23.
Sjögren Gulve P. Distribution and extinction patterns within a northern metapopulation of the pool frog, Rana lessonae. Ecology. 1994;75:1357–67.
Stevens VM, Polus E, Wesselingh RA, Schtickzelle N, Baguette M. Quantifying functional connectivity: experimental evidence for patch-specific resistance in the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita). Landscape Ecol. 2004;19:829–42.
Thomas CD. Extinction, colonization, and metapopulations: environmental tracking by rare species. Conserv Biol. 1994;8:373–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this entry
Cite this entry
Schooley, R.L., Cosentino, B.J. (2016). Metapopulation Dynamics of Wetland Species. In: Finlayson, C., et al. The Wetland Book. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_57-3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_57-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6172-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences