Skip to main content

Therapeutic Strategies in Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Part of the book series: Updates in Surgery ((UPDATESSURG))

  • 725 Accesses

Abstract

The majority of patients with colorectal liver metastases presents with unresectable disease at diagnosis, because of the size, location, or extent of the tumor. While chemotherapy remains the first option for these patients, only multimodal management can increase the resectability rates. When patients cannot be safely operated on because the future liver remnant after the scheduled hepatectomy would be too small, portal vein occlusion is a safe procedure to decrease the risk of postoperative liver failure. Two-stage hepatectomy and associated interstitial treatments are effective strategies in case of multiple bilateral metastases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abdalla EK, Hicks ME, Vauthey JN (2001) Portal vein embolization: rationale, technique, future prospects. Br J Surg 88:165–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Imamura H, Shimada R, Kubota M et al (1999) Preoperativeportal vein embolization: an audit of 84 patients. Hepatology 29:1099–1105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Azoulay D, Castaing D, Smail A et al (2000) Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after percutaneousportal vein embolization. Ann Surg 231:480–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ferrero A, Viganò L, Polastri R et al (2007) Postoperative Liver Dysfunction and Future Remnant Liver: Where Is the Limit? Results of a Prospective Study. World J Surg 31:1643–1651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Di Stefano DR, de Baere T, Denys A et al (2005) Preoperative Percutaneous Portal Vein Embolization: Evaluation of Adverse Events in 188 Patients. Radiology 234:625–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Broering DC, Hillert C, Krupski G et al (2002) Portal Vein Embolization vs. Portal Vein Ligation for Induction of Hypertrophy of the Future Liver Remnant. J Gastrointest Surg 6:905–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Capussotti L, Muratore A, Baracchi F et al (2008) Portal Vein Ligation as an Efficient Method of Increasing the Future Liver Remnant Volume in the Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Metastases. Arch Surg 143:978–982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Abulkhir A, Limongelli P, Healey AJ et al (2008) Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization for Major Liver Resection. A Meta-Analysis. Ann Surg 247:49–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Capussotti L, Muratore A, Ferrero A et al (2005) Extension of Right Portal Vein Embolization to Segment IV Portal Branches. Arch Surg 140:1100–1103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ribero D, Abdalla EK, Madoff DC et al (2007) Portal vein embolization before major hepatectomy and its effects on regeneration, resectability and outcome. Br J Surg 94:1386–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. de Graaf W, van den Esschert J W, van Lienden KP et al (2009) Induction of tumor growth after preoperative portal vein embolization: is it a real problem? Ann Surg Oncol 16:423–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Elias D, De Baere T, Roche A et al (1999) During liver regeneration following right portal embolization the growth rate of liver metastases is more rapid than that of the liver parenchyma. Br J Surg 86:784–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kokudo N, Tada K, Seki M, Ohta H et al (2001) Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative hemihepatic portal vein embolization. Hepatology 34:267–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Di Stefano G, Derenzini M, Kratz F et al (2004) Liver-targeted doxorubicin: effects on rat regenerating hepatocytes. Liver Int 24:246–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Goere D, Farges O, Leporrier J et al (2006) Chemotherapy Does Not Impair Hypertrophy of the Left Liver After Right Portal Vein Obstruction. J Gastrointest Surg 10:365–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zorzi D, Chun YS, Madoff DC et al (2008) Chemotherapy with bevacizumab does not affect liver regeneration after portal vein embolization in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 15:2765–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Aussilhou B, Dokmak S, Faivre S et al (2009) Preoperative liver hypertrophy induced by portal flow occlusion before major hepatic resection for colorectal metastases can be impaired by bevacizumab. Ann Surg Oncol 16:1553–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hemming AW, Reed AI, Howard RJ et al (2003) Preoperative portal vein embolization for extended hepatectomy. Ann Surg 237:686–91

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Wicherts DA, de Haas RJ, Andreani P et al (2010) Impact of portal vein embolization on longterm survival of patients with primarily unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 97:240–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pamecha V, Glantzounis G, Davies N et al (2009) Long-term survival and disease recurrence following portal vein embolisation prior to major hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 16:1202–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Oussoultzoglou E, Bachellier P, Rosso E et al (2006) Right portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy for unilobar colorectal liver metastases reduces the intrahepatic recurrence rate. Ann Surg 244:71–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Abdalla EK, Adam R, Bilchik AJ et al (2006) Improving resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases: expert consensus statement. Ann Surg Oncol 13:1271–1280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Scheele J, Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A (1990) Hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma: impact of surgical resection on the natural history. Br J Surg 77:1241–1246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Adam R, Laurent A, Azoulay D, et al (2000) Two-stage hepatectomy: a planed strategy to treat irresectable liver tumors. Ann Surg 232:777–785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jaeck D, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E et al (2004) A two-stage hepatectomy with portal vein embolization to achieve curative resection for initially unresectable and bilobar colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 240:1037–1051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Thelen A, Jonas S, Benckert C et al (2007) Simultaneous versus staged liver resection of synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 22:1269–1276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Reddy SK, Pawlik TM, Zorzi D et al (2007) Simultaneous resections of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 14:3481–3491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Karoui M, Viganò L, Tayar C et al (2010) Combined first stage hepatectomy at the time of colorectal resection in two-stage hepatectomy procedures for patients with bilobar synchronous liver metastases. Br J Surg, in press

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tanaka K, Shimada H, Matsuo K et al (2007) Regeneration after two-stage hepatectomy vs repeat resection for colorectal metastasis recurrence. J Gastrointest Surg 11:1154–1161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wicherts DA, Miller R, de Haas RJ et al (2008) Long-term results of two-stage hepatecytomy for irresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases. Ann Surg 248:994–1005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chun YS, Vauthey JN, Ribero D et al (2007) Systemic chemotherapy and two-stage hepatectomy for extensive bilateral colorectal liver metastases: perioperative safety and survival. J Gastrointest Surg 11:1498–1505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Tsai S, Marques HP, de Jong MC et al (2010) Two-stage strategy for patients with extensive bilateral colorectal liver metastases. HBP 12:262–269

    Google Scholar 

  33. de Jong MC, Pulitano C, Ribero D et al (2009) Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis. An international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients. Ann Surg 250:440–448

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pachema V, Nedjat-Shokouhi B, Gerusamy K et al (2008) Prospective evaluation of two-stage hepatectomy combined with selective portal vein embolisation and systemic chemotherapy for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Dig Surg 25:387–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mentha G, Terraz S, Morel P et al (2009) Dangerous halo after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and two-step hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 96:95–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. de Jong MC, Pulitano C, Ribero D et al (2009) Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: an international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients. Ann Surg 250:440–448

    Google Scholar 

  37. Pawlik TM, Izzo F, Cohen DS et al (2003) Combined Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation for Advanced Hepatic Malignancies: Results in 172 Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 10:1059–1069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis Lm et al (2004) Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 239:818–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Tanaka K, Shimada H, Nagano Y (2006) Outcome after hepatic resection versus combined resection and microwave ablation for multiple bilobar colorectal metastases to the liver. Surgery 139:263–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Poon RT, Ng KK, Lam CM et al (2004) Learning curve for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors: prospective analysis of initial 100 patients in a tertiary institution. Ann Surg 239:441–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Solbiati L, Livraghi T, Goldberg SN et al (2001) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: Long-term results in 117 patients. Radiology 221:159–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bowles BJ, Machi J, Limm WL et al (2001) Safety and efficacy of radiofrequency thermal ablation in advanced liver tumors. Arch Surg 136:864–869

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Siperstein A, Garland A, Engle K et al (2000) Local recurrence after laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 7:106–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Lewin JS, Connell CF, Duerk JL et al (1998) Interactive MRI-guided radiofrequency interstitial thermal ablation of abdominal tumors: Clinical trial for evaluation of safety and feasibility. J Magn Reson Imaging 8:40–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wong SL, Mangu PB, Choti MA et al (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology 2009 Clinical Evidence Review on Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Metastases From Colorectal Cancer. J Clinic Oncol 28:493–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Oshowo A, Gillams A, Harrison E et al (2003) Comparison of resection and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 90:1240–1243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Scheele J, Stang R, Altendorf-Hofmann A et al (1995) Resection of colorectal liver metastases. World J Surg 19:59–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Aloia TA, Vauthey JN, Loyer EM et al (2006) Solitary Colorectal Liver Metastasis Resection Determines Outcome. Arch Surg 141:460–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Reuter NP, Woodall CE, Scoggins CR et al (2009) Radiofrequency Ablation vs. Resection for Hepatic Colorectal Metastasis: Therapeutically Equivalent? J Gastrointest Surg 13:486–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Otto G, Düber C, Hoppe-Lotichius M et al (2010) Radiofrequency ablation as first-line treatment in patients with early colorectal liver metastases amenable to surgery. Ann Surg 251:796–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wright AS, Lee FT, Mahvi DM et al (2003) Hepatic microwave ablation with multiple antennae results in synergistically larger zones of coagulation necrosis. Ann Surg Oncol 10:275–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Martin RC, Scoggins CR, McMasters KM et al (2007) Microwave hepatic ablation: initial experience of safety and efficacy. J Surg Oncol 96:481–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Ravikumar TS, Kane R, Cady B et al (1991) A 5-year study of cryosurgery in the treatment of liver tumors. Arch Surg 126:1520–1524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Crews KA, Kuhn JA, McCarty TM et al (1997) Cryosurgical ablation of hepatic tumors. Am J Surg 174:614–618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Adam R, Akpinar E, Johann M et al (1997) Place of cryosurgery in the treatment of malignant liver tumors. Ann Surg 225:39–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Seifert JK, Junginger T, Morris DL (1998) A collective review of the world literature on hepatic cryotherapy. J R Coll Surg Edinb 43:141–143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Weaver ML, Ashton JG, Zemel R (1998) Treatment of colorectal liver metastases by cryotherapy. Sem Surg Oncol 14:163–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Xu KC, Niu LZ, He WB, et al (2008) Percutaneous cryosurgery for the treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases. World J Gastroenterol 7:1430–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ferrero, A. (2011). Therapeutic Strategies in Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases. In: Capussotti, L. (eds) Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Updates in Surgery. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1809-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1809-9_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1808-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1809-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics