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Pediatric Kidney Disease pp 1223–1250Cite as

Acute Kidney Injury: Prevention and Diagnosis

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common problem afflicting all ages, the leading reason to seek in-patient nephrology consultation, and associated with serious consequences and unsatisfactory therapeutic options. The etiology of AKI varies widely according to age, geographical region, and clinical setting. Functional AKI induced by dehydration is usually reversible with early fluid therapy. However, the prognosis for patients with structural AKI in the setting of critical illness remains guarded. Recent clinical advances have highlighted the roles of fluid overload and continuous renal replacement therapies in human AKI. Additionally, newly discovered pathogenetic pathways are yielding novel early biomarkers for the prediction of AKI and its consequences, as well as innovative strategies for the pro-active treatment and prevention of AKI. A judicious combination of clinical judgment, established functional markers, novel structural markers, and technical advances in therapies holds the greatest promise for progress in human intrinsic AKI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7022, Cincinnati, OH, 45242, USA

    Prasad Devarajan

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  1. Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Denis F. Geary

  2. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Franz Schaefer

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Devarajan, P. (2016). Acute Kidney Injury: Prevention and Diagnosis. In: Geary, D., Schaefer, F. (eds) Pediatric Kidney Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52972-0_46

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