Abstract
Venous malformation [VM] presents with a wide spectrum of involvement, ranging from focal cyst-like, blood-filled lesions with minimal communication with the conducting veins to diffuse lesions involving all of the venous structures in multiple planes of an involved anatomic area. The genetic basis is fairly well understood. Clinical problems include pain, deformity, bleeding, and consumption coagulopathy. VMs are hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI sequences.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Soblet J, Limaye N, Uebelhoer M, Boon LM, Vikkula M. Variable somatic TIE2 mutations in half of sporadic venous malformations. Molecular Syndromol. 2013;4(4):179–83.
Lee BB, Baumgartner I, Berlien P, Bianchini G, Burrows P, Gloviczki P, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of venous malformations. consensus document of the international union of phlebology (iup): updated-2013. Int Angiol. 2015; 34:97–149.
Wassef M, Blei F, Adams D, Alomari A, Baselga E, Berenstein A, et al. Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):e203–14.
Mazoyer E, Enjolras O, Laurian C, Houdart E, Drouet L. Coagulation abnormalities associated with extensive venous malformations of the limbs: differentiation from Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Clin Lab Haematol. 2002;24(4):243–51.
Boon LM, Brouillard P, Irrthum A, Karttunen L, Warman ML, Rudolph R, et al. A gene for inherited cutaneous venous anomalies (“glomangiomas”) localizes to chromosome 1p21-22. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;65(1):125–33.
Ohlms LA, Forsen J, Burrows PE. Venous malformation of the pediatric airway. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1996;37(2):99–114.
Konez O, Burrows PE, Mulliken JB. Cervicofacial venous malformations. MRI features and interventional strategies. Inter Neuroradiol J Peritherapeutic Neuroradiol Surgical Procedures Related Neurosci. 2002;8(3):227–34.
Enjolras O, Ciabrini D, Mazoyer E, Laurian C, Herbreteau D. Extensive pure venous malformations in the upper or lower limb: a review of 27 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;36(2 Pt 1):219–25.
Limaye N, Wouters V, Uebelhoer M, Tuominen M, Wirkkala R, Mulliken JB, et al. Somatic mutations in angiopoietin receptor gene TEK cause solitary and multiple sporadic venous malformations. Nat Genet. 2009;41(1):118–24.
Mulliken JB, Burrows PE, Fishman SJ, Mulliken JB. Mulliken and young’s vascular anomalies: hemangiomas and malformations. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013.
Puig S, Aref H, Chigot V, Bonin B, Brunelle F. Classification of venous malformations in children and implications for sclerotherapy. Pediatr Radiol. 2003;33(2):99–103.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burrows, P.E. (2017). Venous Malformation of the Head and Neck and Extremities. In: Kim, YW., Lee, BB., Yakes, W., Do, YS. (eds) Congenital Vascular Malformations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46709-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46709-1_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-46708-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-46709-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)