Abstract
The International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–1958 was an extraordinary achievement in the midst of the Cold War. Thousands of scientists from 65 countries were engaged in international collaboration for the purpose of expanding knowledge about the earth and outer space.1 The United States and the Soviet Union, despite crises in Berlin, Hungary and Korea alongside mounting anxiety about atomic weapons testing, were nonetheless willing and able to contribute to a programme of research, which encapsulated inter alia the remote Antarctic continent.2 While science and its associated practices of investigation and knowledge creation unquestionably enabled international co-operation, it would be wrong to conclude that the IGY was untouched by the prevailing Cold War zeitgeist. The US military and national security institutions such as the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agency were deeply interested and involved in providing resources, influencing research programmes and encouraging political leaders like President Eisenhower to conceive of scientific endeavour in terms of national prestige and geopolitical advantage.3 The Antarctic and of course the Arctic were major recipients of the apparent largesse of the military–industrial–academic complex.4
Keywords
- South American Country
- Central Intelligence Agency
- International Geophysical Year
- Claimant State
- Territorial Claim
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Beck (2010).
- 3.
Collis and Dodds (2008).
- 4.
- 5.
Korsmo (2007).
- 6.
Dodds (2002).
- 7.
Beck (1986).
- 8.
- 9.
Howkins (2008).
- 10.
Naylor et al. (2008).
- 11.
Dodds (2008).
- 12.
Collis and Stevens (2007).
- 13.
Toma (1956).
- 14.
- 15.
Dodds (2008).
- 16.
Rothwell (2010).
- 17.
Beck (1986).
- 18.
Dodds (2002).
- 19.
Pinochet de la Barra (1994).
- 20.
Genest (1998).
- 21.
Rigoz (2002).
- 22.
Instituto Antártico Argentino (1960).
- 23.
Comerci (1979).
- 24.
Dirección Nacional del Antártico (1983).
- 25.
Pyne (2003:345).
- 26.
Comisión Antártica Chilena (1955).
- 27.
Hydrographical Bulletin 1957–1963 contains full details of the Chilean contribution.
- 28.
Soviet Memorandum:209.
- 29.
- 30.
RGAE (1957). Nesmeyanov and Bakayev
- 31.
- 32.
Belov (1960:84).
- 33.
Lukin et al. (2006:436–437).
- 34.
Nudelman (1966:58); Savatygin and Preobrazhenskaya:53.
- 35.
Tryoshnikov (1959:215).
- 36.
Tryoshnikov (1959:216).
- 37.
Tryoshnikov (1960:189), Savatyugin and Preobrazhenskaya (2008:55).
- 38.
Tryoshnikov (1960:172).
- 39.
Tolstikov (1980:19).
- 40.
Lukin et al. (2006:436).
- 41.
Tolstikov (1980:18).
- 42.
RGAE (1958). Tolstikov
- 43.
Nudelman (1966:32).
- 44.
Tolstikov (1980:20, 42).
- 45.
Tryoshnikov (1959:220).
- 46.
Tryoshnikov (1960:180).
- 47.
Gan (2009c).
- 48.
Tolstikov (1980:126).
- 49.
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Dodds, K., Gan, I., Howkins, A. (2010). The IPY-3: The International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). In: Barr, S., Luedecke, C. (eds) The History of the International Polar Years (IPYs). From Pole to Pole. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12402-0_10
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