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Imaging of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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Abstract

Spontaneous, nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is vast and includes, among other causes, hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral venous thrombosis, hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic infarction, cerebral aneurysms, and vascular malformations (such as cavernomas, dural arteriouvenous fistulas, and arteriovenous malformations). Clinical neuroradiology plays an important role in ICH to establish the diagnosis, to identify the cause of the hemorrhage, and to guide often emergent patient treatment. Radiological techniques important in the exploration of ICH include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital substraction angiography (DSA). In this chapter, we discuss the radiologic manifestations of ICH on various imaging methods, and provide a broad overview of the most frequent causes of spontaneous ICH.

This publication is endorsed by: European Society of Neuroradiology (www.esnr.org).

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Abbreviations

AVM:

Arteriovenous malformation

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CAA:

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

cSS:

Cortical superficial siderosis

CT:

Cerebral venous thrombosis

CVD:

Cortical venous drainage

dAVF:

Dural arteriovenous fistula

deoxy-Hb:

Deoxyhemoglobin

DSA:

Digital substraction angiography

DVA:

Developmental venous anomaly

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

GRE:

Gradient-recalled echo

Hb:

Hemoglobin

HI:

Hemorrhagic infarction

HT:

Hemorrhagic transformation

ICH:

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Met-Hb:

Methemoglobin

Oxy-Hb:

Oxyhemoglobin

PANCS:

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system

PEDD:

Proton-electron dipole-dipole interaction

PH:

Parenchymal hematoma

RCVS:

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

SAH:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

SWI:

Susceptibility-weighted imaging

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium

    Sven Dekeyzer & Paul M. Parizel

  2. Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Napels Federico II, Napels, Italy

    Massimo Muto

  3. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy

    Carlo Augusto Mallio

Authors
  1. Sven Dekeyzer
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  2. Massimo Muto
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  3. Carlo Augusto Mallio
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  4. Paul M. Parizel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sven Dekeyzer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Frederik Barkhof

  2. The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and University College Hospital (UCH), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Hans Rolf Jäger

  3. Section of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Majda M. Thurnher

  4. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Professor of Radiology and Neuroimmunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain

    Àlex Rovira

Section Editor information

  1. Institut und Poliklinik für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Dresden, Saxonia, Germany

    Rüdiger von Kummer

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Dekeyzer, S., Muto, M., Mallio, C.A., Parizel, P.M. (2019). Imaging of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. In: Barkhof, F., Jäger, H., Thurnher, M., Rovira, À. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_73

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_73

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68535-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68536-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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