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Effect of Mechanical Loading on Cells: An Update

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Non-Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis

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Abstract

The focus of this chapter is the mechanisms by which mechanical loading affects bone cells. The chapter will briefly review mechanical loads borne by different skeletal anatomical sites and summarize current knowledge regarding bone cell sensors, signaling pathways, and responses to mechanical loading. The influence of mechanical loading on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation will be discussed, as will the influence of use and disuse on bone turnover. The influence of microdamage on osteocyte apoptosis and bone resorption will be summarized, and current knowledge regarding mechanotransduction in bone explored in some detail. Finally, what is known regarding potential mechanoreceptors will be briefly summarized. These mechanisms allow the skeleton to adapt successfully to changing loading conditions and minimize the risk of fracture.

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Acknowledgement

Financial Support: None.

The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

    Qian Xing MD, PhD

  2. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Bart L. Clarke MD

Authors
  1. Qian Xing MD, PhD
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  2. Bart L. Clarke MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bart L. Clarke MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Mehrsheed Sinaki

  2. Institute of Clinical Osteology and Clinic “DER FÜRSTENHOF”, German Osteology Foundation, Bad Pyrmont, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Michael Pfeifer

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Xing, Q., Clarke, B.L. (2017). Effect of Mechanical Loading on Cells: An Update. In: Sinaki, M., Pfeifer, M. (eds) Non-Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54016-0_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54016-0_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54014-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54016-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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