Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cerebral Palsy pp 1–11Cite as

Speech, Language, and Hearing Practice Elements in the Management of the Child with Cerebral Palsy

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 303 Accesses

Abstract

Children with cerebral palsy may have difficulty participating at home, school, work, and community settings due to problems with their communication. These problems can be described within the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Communication problems can be due to the ICF body structure and/or function which include the anatomy and physiology of speech, language, and hearing. The ICF activity level describes the communication roles of sending (e.g., speaking and writing) and receiving messages (e.g., listening and reading). The ICF participation level describes how communication assists with an individual’s participation in home life, at school, in work settings, and within other community events. These three levels are influenced by environmental and personal factors. Environmental factors can include characteristics of communication partners, physical characteristics of places where communication happens, and societal attitudes towards different communication methods. Personal factors can include characteristics of the child (such as age or gender) that can affect communication. Assessment and intervention can be described and planned within the ICF framework. More research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these assessments and intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Andersen G, Mjoen TR, Vik T (2010) Prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication in children with cerebral palsy: a registry-based study in Norway. Persp Augment Altern Commun 19:12–20. https://doi.org/10.1044/aac19.1.12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balandin S, Morgan J (2001) Preparing for the future: aging and alternative and augmentative communication. Augment Altern Commun 17:99–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beukelman DR, Mirenda P (2013) Augmentative and alternative communication: supporting children and adults with complex communication needs. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady NC, Fleming K, Thiemann-Bourque K, Olswang L, Dowden P, Saunders MD, Marquis J (2012) Development of the communication complexity scale. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 21:16–28. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0099)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke M, Newton C, Petrides K, Griffiths T, Lysley A, Price K (2012) An examination of relations between participation, communication and age in children with complex communication needs. Augment Altern Commun 28:44–51. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2011.653605

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cress CJ (2002) Expanding children’s early augmented behaviors to support symbolic development. In: Reichle J, Beukelman DR, Light JC (eds) Exemplary practices for beginning communicators: implications for AAC. Paul H. Brookes, Baltimore, pp 219–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy JR (2013) Motor speech disorders: substrates, differential diagnosis, and management. Elsevier, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Eadie TL et al (2006) Measuring communicative participation: a review of self-report instruments in speech-language pathology. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 15:307–320. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2006/030)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fox C (2002) Intensive voice treatment for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox CM, Boliek CA (2012) Intensive voice treatment (LSVT LOUD) for children with spastic cerebral palsy and dysarthria. J Speech Lang Hear Res 55:930–945. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0235)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geytenbeek J, Harlaar L, Stam M, Ket H, Becher JG, Oostrom K, Vermeulen J (2010a) Utility of language comprehension tests for unintelligible or non-speaking children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 52:e267–e277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03807.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geytenbeek JJM, Heim MMJ, Vermeulen RJ, Oostrom KJ (2010b) Assessing comprehension of spoken language in nonspeaking children with cerebral palsy: application of a newly developed computer-based instrument. Augment Altern Commun 26:97–107. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2010.482445

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillette Y (2012) Achieving communication competence: three steps to effective intervention. Attainment Company, Verona

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy JC (1983) Cerebral palsy. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemsley B, Balandin S (2004) Without AAC: the stories of unpaid carers of adults with cerebral palsy and complex communication needs in hospital. Augment Altern Commun 20:243–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemsley B, Balandin S, Togher L (2008) ‘We need to be the centrepiece’: adults with cerebral palsy and complex communication needs discuss the roles and needs of family carers in hospital. Disabil Rehabil 30:1759–1771. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701645474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hidecker MJC (2011) Describing hearing in individuals with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 53:977–978. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04101.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hidecker MJC, Workinger MS (2014) Communication. In: Dan B, Mayston M, Paneth N, Rosenbloom L (eds) Cerebral palsy: science and clinical practice. MacKeith Press, London, pp 543–564, 655–658, 669–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidecker MJC et al (2011) Developing and validating the Communication Function Classification System for individuals with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 53:704–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03996.x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hidecker MJC et al (2012) Inter-relationships of functional status in cerebral palsy: analyzing gross motor function, manual ability, and communication function classification systems in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 54:737–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04312.x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hidecker MJC et al (2018) Early predictors and correlates of communication function in children with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 33:275–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073817754006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hixon TJ, Hoit JD (2005) Evaluation and management of speech breathing disorders: principles and methods, 1st edn. Redington Brown, Tucson

    Google Scholar 

  • Hustad KC, Weismer G (2007) Interventions to improve intelligibility and communicative success for speakers with dysarthria. In: Weismer G (ed) Motor speech disorders: essays for Ray Kent. Plural Publishing, San Diego, pp 261–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent RD, Kim Y (2010) The assessment of intelligibility in motor speech disorders. In: Lowit A, Kent RD (eds) Assessment of motor speech disorders. Plural Publishing, San Diego, pp 20–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Koppenhaver D, Erickson K (2007) Children with disabilities: reading and writing the four-blocks way. Carson-Dellosa Publishing, Greensboro

    Google Scholar 

  • Light JC, Binger C (1998) Building communicative competence with individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication. Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Lof GL, Watson MM (2008) A nationwide survey of nonspeech oral motor exercise use: implications for evidence-based practice. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 39:392–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowit A, Kent RD (2010) Assessment of motor speech disorders. Plural Publishing, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchant J, McAuliffe MJ, Huckabee ML (2008) Treatment of articulatory impairment in a child with spastic dysarthria associated with cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil 11:81–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518420701622697

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod S (2007) The international guide to speech acquisition. Thomson Delmar Learning, Clifton Park

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton D, Arnold A (2010) Supporting positive employment outcomes for individuals who use. AAC Persp Augment Altern Commun 19:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1044/aac19.2.51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton DB, Beukelman DR (2010) Transition strategies for adolescents and young adults who use AAC. Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of Persons With Severe Disabilities (2002) Access to communication services and supports: concerns regarding the application of restrictive “eligibility” policies. Commun Disord Q 23:145–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Netsell R (1986) A neurobiologic view of speech production and the dysarthrias. College-Hill Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Olswang LB, Pinder GL, Hanson RA (2006) Communication in young children with motor impairments: teaching caregivers to teach. Semin Speech Lang 27:199–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel R, Watkins C (2007) Stress identification in speakers with dysarthria due to cerebral palsy: an initial report. J Med Speech Lang Pathol 15:149–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul R, Norbury C (2012) Language disorders from infancy through adolescence: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and communicating. Elsevier, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Peña-Brooks A, Hegde MN (2000) Assessment and treatment of articulation and phonological disorders in children. Pro-Ed, Austin

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennington L, Miller N, Robson S, Steen N (2010) Intensive speech and language therapy for older children with cerebral palsy: a systems approach. Dev Med Child Neurol 52:337–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03366.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington L, Parker NK, Kelly H, Miller N (2016) Speech therapy for children with dysarthria acquired before three years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD006937. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858. CD006937.pub3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinder GL, Olswang LB (1995) Development of communicative intent in young children with cerebral palsy: a treatment efficacy study. Infant-Toddler Intervention 5:51–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavendra P, Virgo R, Olsson C, Connell T, Lane AE (2011) Activity participation of children with complex communication needs, physical disabilities and typically-developing peers. Dev Neurorehabil 14:145–155. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2011.568994

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavendra P, Olsson C, Sampson J, McInerney R, Connell T (2012) School participation and social networks of children with complex communication needs, physical disabilities, and typically developing peers. Augment Altern Commun 28:33–43. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2011.653604

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reichle J, Hidecker MJC, Brady NC, Terry N (2003) Intervention strategies for communication: using aided augmentative communication systems. In: Light JC, Beukelman DR, Reichle J (eds) Communicative competence for individuals who use AAC: from research to effective practice. Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Baltimore, pp 441–477

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid SM, Modak MB, Berkowitz RG, Reddihough DS (2011) A population-based study and systematic review of hearing loss in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 53:1038–1045. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04069.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruscello DM (2010) Collective findings neither support nor refute the use of oral motor exercises as a treatment for speech sound disorders. Evid Based Commun Assess Intervention 4:65–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schow RL, Nerbonne MA (2018) Introduction to audiologic rehabilitation, 7th edn. Pearson, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Soto Rodríguez GM, Zangari C (2009) Practically speaking: language, literacy, and academic development for students with AAC needs. Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Threats TT (2008) Use of the ICF for clinical practice in speech-language pathology. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 10:50–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040701768693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warschausky S, Van Tubbergen M, Asbell S, Kaufman J, Ayyangar R, Donders J (2012) Modified test administration using assistive technology: preliminary psychometric findings. Assessment 19:472–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111402458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Workinger MS (2005) Cerebral palsy resource guide for speech-language pathologists. Thomson Delmar Learning, Clifton Park

    Google Scholar 

  • Workinger MS, Kent R (1991) Perceptual analysis of the dysarthrias in children with athetoid and spastic cerebral palsy. In: Moore CA, Yorkston KM, Beukelman DR (eds) Dysarthria and apraxia of speech: perspectives on management. P.H. Brookes Publishing Co., Baltimore, pp 109–126

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2001) International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2007) International classification of functioning, disability, and health: children & youth version: ICF-CY. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Yorkston KM, Beukelman DR, Strand EA, Hakel M (2010) Management of motor speechdisorders in children and adults, 3rd edn. Pro-Ed, Austin

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Communication Disorders, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA

    Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker

Authors
  1. Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, DE, USA

    Freeman Miller

  2. Cerebral Palsy Program, AI DuPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington, DE, USA

    Steven Bachrach

  3. AI DuPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington, DE, USA

    Nancy Lennon

  4. Drexel University, PHILADELPHIA, PA, USA

    Margaret O'Neil

Section Editor information

  1. Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA

    Nancy Lennon

  2. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Margaret O'Neil

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Hidecker, M.J.C. (2019). Speech, Language, and Hearing Practice Elements in the Management of the Child with Cerebral Palsy. In: Miller, F., Bachrach, S., Lennon, N., O'Neil, M. (eds) Cerebral Palsy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50592-3_151-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50592-3_151-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50592-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50592-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation