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Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer pp 13–23Cite as

Markers of Bone Turnover in Bone Metastasis from Prostate Cancer

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Abstract

Bone homeostasis is achieved through a continuous remodelling process on the bone surface of the balanced resorption of old bone by osteoclasts and the formation of new bone by osteoblasts. Local and systemic growth factors regulate the differentiation and activity of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts (and osteocytes). Maintenance and repair of normal bone result in the release of enzymes, peptides and mineral components that have been characterised as serum and urinary biochemical markers of bone remodelling [1]. High bone turnover in cancer patients is crucial for all the steps of bone metastatic disease, from the homing of circulating cancer cells into the bone (premetastatic niche) to the complication of bone metastasis (BMT) (skeletally related events [SREs]). Therefore, elevated bone turnover marker could predict bone metastasis, risk of bone progression and risk of SREs, potentially becoming a potent prognostic predictor (Fig. 2.1). For this reason, biochemical markers of bone remodelling are potentially an ideal tool for evaluating changes in bone turnover, such as those associated with malignant bone lesions and response to treatment. Osteoclast and osteoblast activity (and probably that of cancer cells) is associated with the release of distinct biochemical markers that are amenable to non-invasive measurements of the blood or urine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolic Bone Diseases and Osteo-oncology Unit, Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Francesco Bertoldo MD

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  1. Francesco Bertoldo MD
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Correspondence to Francesco Bertoldo MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Verona, Director of Metabolic Bone Diseases and Osteoncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department of Medicine, Verona, Italy

    Francesco Bertoldo

  2. IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST National Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical specialties (DIMI), School of Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Genoa, Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (DIPOE), Genoa, Italy

    Francesco Boccardo

  3. Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinic, Clical Scientific Director Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bergamo, Italy

    Emilio Bombardieri

  4. Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging Unit, Padova, Italy

    Laura Evangelista

  5. Radiation Oncology 1 and Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Riccardo Valdagni

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Bertoldo, F. (2017). Markers of Bone Turnover in Bone Metastasis from Prostate Cancer. In: Bertoldo, F., Boccardo, F., Bombardieri, E., Evangelista, L., Valdagni, R. (eds) Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42327-2_2

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