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Hearing Aids pp 181–215Cite as

Spatial Hearing and Hearing Aids

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 56))

Abstract

The questions of whether hearing-impaired listeners are also impaired for the localization of sounds and what benefits hearing aids can provide are important for understanding the wider effects of hearing impairment. We review here 29 studies published since 1983 that have measured acuity for changes in the horizontal-plane direction of sound sources. Where possible, performance is quantified by the root-mean-square error in degrees. Overall, the results demonstrate that (1) hearing-impaired listeners have poorer left–right discrimination than normal-hearing listeners, by 5° when averaged across all experiments, although there is considerable variation across listeners and experiments; (2) hearing aids lead to a deficit of just 1°; (3) directional microphones relative to omnidirectional microphones give a deficit of 3°; (4) custom form factors have no effect relative to the behind-the-ear style; (5) acclimatization gives a benefit of 1°; (6) a unilateral fitting results in a localization deficit of 5° on average, and the deficit can reach nearly 20°; and (7) hearing-impaired listeners are particularly prone to front–back confusions; hearing aids do nothing to reduce these and sometimes increase them. Although statistically significant effects of hearing aids on localization have been reported, few of them are generalizable, as they often occurred for just some source directions, stimuli, hearing aid features, or groups of listeners. Overall, there is no experimental evidence for a benefit from hearing aids for directional acuity.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (grant number U135097131) and by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government.

Conflict of interest Michael Akeroyd declares he has no conflict of interest.William Whitmer declares he has no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MRC Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

    Michael A. Akeroyd

  2. MRC Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

    Michael A. Akeroyd

  3. MRC/CSO Institute of Hearing Research – Scottish Section, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK

    William M. Whitmer

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  1. Michael A. Akeroyd
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Correspondence to Michael A. Akeroyd .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

    Gerald R. Popelka

  2. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Brian C. J. Moore

  3. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

  4. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

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Akeroyd, M.A., Whitmer, W.M. (2016). Spatial Hearing and Hearing Aids. In: Popelka, G., Moore, B., Fay, R., Popper, A. (eds) Hearing Aids. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33036-5_7

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