Abstract
The first attempt to shunting CSF from the ventricular space into the jugular vein can be traced back to 1911, through the experience of Payr and Enderlen who used a harvested temporal artery as a bio-implant (Kühnel and Seifert 1998). However, the high burden of morbidity and mortality limited the diffusion of the technique until Pudenz and his engineer Heyer introduced the ventriculo-atrial shunt (VAS) as a valid option in the management of hydrocephalus in 1955. Another merit of Pudenz’s work is the introduction of silicone as tubing material for shunt system. After over 2 years of experimental work to optimize the newly created shunt, the system was implanted in a 3-month-old female with macrocrania in which other shunt procedures priorly failed. A ventricular auriculostomy was then performed through the common facial and jugular vein. A polyvinyl chloride tube with a Teflon transverse sleeve valve was passed from the lateral ventricle to the atrium and worked successfully for over 2 years. Between 1958 and 1960, the watchmaker Schulte joined Pudenz and Heyer and implemented their work, improving the distal slit system with multiple longitudinal slits and developing a diaphragm valve (Pudenz 1966; Konar et al. 2015). Finally, the shunt was patented in the form we keep using in our surgical practice.
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References
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Frassanito, P., Bianchi, F., Tamburrini, G. (2018). How to Perform a Ventriculo-Atrial CSF Shunt. In: Di Rocco, C., Pang, D., Rutka, J. (eds) Textbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31512-6_28-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31512-6_28-1
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