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Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract pp 1–16Cite as

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a highly invasive and aggressive neoplasm displays a high rate of recurrence following surgery or ablation procedures. Numerous factors affect recurrence and prognosis. Among these, tumor stage is the most important prognosticator. Small and early HCCs have a better outcome than larger tumors. In addition to tumor size, the number of tumors (multiplicity) affects tumor biology. The status of the resection margin exerts a strong influence on prognosis. Future methods to evaluate the resection margin with respect to minimal residual cancer include molecular and nanosystem approaches. Other parameters of prognostic significance comprise distinct growth patterns in the liver, satellite lesions, large vessel invasion, presence of a pseudocapsule, tumor grade, microscopic invasion patterns, tumor angiogenesis, and a growing number of molecular features. The identification of distinct molecular signatures defining high-risk groups will become an important prognostic instrument in the future.

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    Arthur Zimmermann

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Zimmermann, A. (2016). Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prognostic Factors. In: Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26587-2_6-1

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