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Lifestyle Medicine pp 321–332Cite as

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis

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Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world. NAFLD is tightly linked to insulin resistance and considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for NAFLD. The cornerstone of any treatment regimen for patients with NAFLD is lifestyle modification focused on weight loss, exercise, and improvements in insulin sensitivity. Sustained and gradual weight loss is the most effective treatment for NAFLD. The roles of diet, nutrient composition, and physical activity in the management of NAFLD are outlined in this chapter.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ACSM:

American College of Sports Medicine

AGB:

Adjustable gastric band

ALA:

α-linolenic acid

ALB:

Albumin

ALKPHOS:

Alkaline phosphatase

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

BMI:

Body Mass Index

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CBT:

Cognitive behavioral therapy

CHD:

Coronary heart disease

CHO:

Carbohydrates

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DNL:

De novo lipogenesis

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FA:

Fatty acid

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HFCS:

High-fructose corn syrup

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IHS:

Isolated hepatic steatosis

LA:

Linoleic acid

LDL-cholesterol:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

NAFLD:

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

NASH:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

RYGB:

Roux-en-y gastric bypass

SFAs:

Saturated fatty acids

TBILI:

Total bilirubin

TGs:

Triglycerides

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

VAT:

Visceral adipose tissue

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

VSG:

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Lifestyle Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Erin M. McCarthy MS, RD, CSSD, LDN

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair, Arkes 14-005, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mary E. Rinella MD

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  1. Erin M. McCarthy MS, RD, CSSD, LDN
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Correspondence to Mary E. Rinella MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. New York, USA

    Jeffrey I. Mechanick MD

  2. Chicago, USA

    Robert F. Kushner MD

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McCarthy, E., Rinella, M. (2016). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis. In: Mechanick, J., Kushner, R. (eds) Lifestyle Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_29

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