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Mercury and the Everglades. A Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration pp 1–26Cite as

Trends in Atmospheric Deposition of Mercury

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Abstract

In Chap. 2 of this volume Lange and Frederick evaluate changes in mercury (Hg) concentrations in Everglades biota to identify the occurrence of temporally coherent trends that ideally can be understood and related to changing process dynamics. To the extent such trends occur in the Everglades, processes that are potentially causative include atmospheric deposition of Hg, changing dynamics in key water quality variables such as sulfate and dissolved organic carbon, and changing hydrology. This overall process of trend identification and elucidation of underlying factors can in turn provide insight on possible strategies for mitigating the problem of excessive biota Hg concentrations in the Everglades. This chapter evaluates whether changes in atmospheric deposition of Hg to the Everglades have occurred in recent years using direct evidence from measured wet deposition and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM). The chapter also considers changes in mercury concentrations recorded in bottom sediments as a proxy for longer-term changes in atmospheric deposition. This latter analysis includes a review of changes observed in aquatic ecosystems from North America and Europe as well as south Florida and the Everglades, and whether recent changes in south Florida reflect large scale processes or reductions in local emissions of Hg.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that the period of record for wet deposition measurements began at the end of a sharp decline in local emissions which peaked in 1991 and had fallen by 65% by the end of 1993.

  2. 2.

    For example, the coefficient of variation equals 27.0% in weekly wet deposition Hg concentrations measured at the Beard Research Center between 1996 and 2016 compared to 52.6% for precipitation depth (both variables log-transformed to better approximate normality).

  3. 3.

    By definition, model residuals are calculated as the difference between the observed and modeled values. Thus, if a residual value is positive, the model has under-predicted the expected value, and apparent signal influencing the observation is higher than average signal applicable across the data set.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aqua Lux Lucis, Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA

    Curtis D. Pollman

  2. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN, USA

    Daniel R. Engstrom

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  1. Aqua Lux Lucis, Inc, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Curtis D. Pollman

  2. Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Donald M. Axelrad

  3. Coastal Watershed Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA

    Darren G. Rumbold

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Pollman, C.D., Engstrom, D.R. (2020). Trends in Atmospheric Deposition of Mercury. In: Pollman, C.D., Axelrad, D.M., Rumbold, D.G. (eds) Mercury and the Everglades. A Synthesis and Model for Complex Ecosystem Restoration. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55635-8_1

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