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Oculofacial, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery pp 189–199Cite as

Endoscopic Forehead Lifting with Fat Grafting

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Abstract

Scientific studies have proven the central role of the eyes in aesthetic facial rejuvenation. Nguyen HT et al. used an eye-tracking system to demonstrate that age and fatigue judgments are related to preferential attention toward the eye region. Consequently, aesthetic surgery to the eye region may be one of the most effective interventions in enhancing the overall appearance of an individual [1]. A recent prospective study on 72 female patients with an average age of 48, which represents the bulk of the aesthetic population worldwide, showed that 74.6% of these patients felt that their first sign of aging occurred in the eyes, 26.7% in the neck, and only 12.6% in the cheeks [2]. Among this female group, 78.8% of patients expressed interest in improving the appearance of their eyes, 28.8% the cheeks, and lips only 15% [2]. Facial beauty is linked to the eyelid fissure, and studies have demonstrated that attractive Caucasian faces have a relatively narrower eye fissure width compared to the average Caucasian face [3]. It is not just the medical literature but also fashion magazines across the world which strongly reinforce this issue, showing on their covers beautiful models who have especially attractive eyes. This is not just a new trend of the western world as beauty has been represented similarly by classic painters throughout history. It is also of extreme relevance in all parts of the world independent of race.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oculoplastica Bernardini, Genova, Italy

    Francesco P. Bernardini, Alessandro Gennai & Brent Skippen

Authors
  1. Francesco P. Bernardini
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  2. Alessandro Gennai
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  3. Brent Skippen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brent Skippen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eyelid and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and MediSpa, Diseases and Surgery of the Orbit & Lacrimal System Neuro-ophthalmology, Glenview/Chicago, IL, USA

    Adam J. Cohen

  2. Oculoplastics, Orbital, and Cosmetic Facial Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, WI, USA

    Cat Nguyen Burkat

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Bernardini, F.P., Gennai, A., Skippen, B. (2019). Endoscopic Forehead Lifting with Fat Grafting. In: Cohen, A., Burkat, C. (eds) Oculofacial, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14092-2_20

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14090-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14092-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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