Skip to main content

Syndromic Causes of Congenital Hyperinsulinism

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Abstract

Understanding the genetic etiology of hyperinsulinism has been a focus of investigation for a number of years; in addition to specific genes identified related to mechanisms within the pancreatic beta cell, several genetic syndromes have been linked to hyperinsulinism. These include Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Sotos syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, and Turner syndrome. All of these syndromes have been noted to occur with subtle presentations with hyperinsulinism being a clue toward diagnosis of the syndrome, and given there are additional medical management recommendations for patients with these syndromes, it is important to consider possible syndromic etiology as part of the evaluation for patients with hyperinsulinism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aasland R, Gibson TJ, Stewart AF. The PHD finger: implications for chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. Trends Biochem Sci. 1995;20(2):56–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Adam MP, Hudgins L. Kabuki syndrome: a review. Clin Genet. 2004;67(3):209–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00348.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aguilar-Bryan L, Nichols CG, Wechsler SW, Clement JPT, Boyd AE 3rd, Gonzalez G, et al. Cloning of the beta cell high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor: a regulator of insulin secretion. Science. 1995;268(5209):423–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Al-Zubeidi H, Gottschalk ME, Newfield RS. Successful use of long acting octreotide in two cases with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and severe hypoglycemia. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;2014(1):18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-9856-2014-18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Alkhayyat H, Christesen HB, Steer J, Stewart H, Brusgaard K, Hussain K. Mosaic Turner syndrome and hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006;19(12):1451–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bakalov VK, Cheng C, Zhou J, Bondy CA. X-chromosome gene dosage and the risk of diabetes in Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3289–96. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0384.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Bonfig W, Salem NJ, Heiliger K, Hempel M, Lederer G, Bornkamm M, et al. Recurrent hypoglycemia due to growth hormone deficiency in an infant with Turner syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(9–10):991–5. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brioude F, Kalish JM, Mussa A, Foster AC, Bliek J, Ferrero GB, et al. Clinical and molecular diagnosis, screening and management of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: an International Consensus Statement. Nat Rev Endo. 2017. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Calton EA, Temple IK, Mackay DJ, Lever M, Ellard S, Flanagan SE, et al. Hepatoblastoma in a child with a paternally-inherited ABCC8 mutation and mosaic paternal uniparental disomy 11p causing focal congenital hyperinsulinism. Eur J Med Genet. 2013;56(2):114–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.12.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Carrasco Salas P, Palma Milla C, Lezana Rosales JM, Benito C, Franco Freire S, Lopez Siles J. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a patient with an intragenic NSD1 mutation. Am J Med Genet A. 2016;170A(2):544–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.37440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cole TR, Hughes HE. Sotos syndrome. J Med Genet. 1990;27(9):571–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Cole TR, Hughes HE. Sotos syndrome: a study of the diagnostic criteria and natural history. J Med Genet. 1994;31(1):20–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. de Lonlay P, Fournet JC, Rahier J, Gross-Morand MS, Poggi-Travert F, Foussier V, et al. Somatic deletion of the imprinted 11p15 region in sporadic persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy is specific of focal adenomatous hyperplasia and endorses partial pancreatectomy. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(4):802–7. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119594.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. DeBaun MR, King AA, White N. Hypoglycemia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Semin Perinatol. 2000;24(2):164–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Geneviève D, Amiel J, Le Merrer M, Sanlaville D, Uritzberea A, Gérard M, et al. Atypical findings in Kabuki syndrome: report of 8 patients in a series of 20 and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet. 2004;129A(1):64–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gibson CE, Boodhansingh KE, Li C, Conlin L, Chen P, Becker SA, Bhatti T, Bamba V, Adzick NS, De Leon DD, Ganguly A, Stanley CA. Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Infants with Turner Syndrome: Possible Association with Monosomy X and KDM6A Haploinsufficiency. Horm Res Paediatr. 2018;89(6):413–422. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488347. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

  17. Goto M. Possible relationship between ring X chromosome and neonatal hypoglycemia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2008;21(11):1103. https://doi.org/10.1515/JPEM.2008.21.11.1103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gravholt CH, Andersen NH, Conway GS, Dekkers OM, Geffner ME, Klein KO, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: proceedings from the 2016 Cincinnati International Turner Syndrome Meeting. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177(3):G1–G70. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0430.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gravholt CH, Juul S, Naeraa RW, Hansen J. Morbidity in Turner syndrome. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(2):147–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00237-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hook EB, Reynolds JW. Cerebral gigantism: endocrinological and clinical observations of six patients including a congenital giant, concordant monozygotic twins, and a child who achieved adult gigantic size. J Pediatr. 1967;70(6):900–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hussain K, Cosgrove KE, Shepherd RM, Luharia A, Smith VV, Kassem S, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome due to defects in the function of pancreatic beta-cell adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):4376–82. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0158.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kalish JM, Biesecker LG, Brioude F, Deardorff MA, Di Cesare-Merlone A, Druley T, et al. Nomenclature and definition in asymmetric regional body overgrowth. Am J Med Genet A. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.38266.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Kalish JM, Boodhansingh KE, Bhatti TR, Ganguly A, Conlin LK, Becker SA, et al. Congenital hyperinsulinism in children with paternal 11p uniparental isodisomy and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. J Med Genet. 2016;53(1):53–61. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103394.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kalish JM, Conlin LK, Mostoufi-Moab S, Wilkens AB, Mulchandani S, Zelley K, et al. Bilateral pheochromocytomas, hemihyperplasia, and subtle somatic mosaicism: the importance of detecting low-level uniparental disomy. Am J Med Genet A. 2013;161A(5):993–1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.35831.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kubota T, Wakui K, Nakamura T, Ohashi H, Watanabe Y, Yoshino M, et al. The proportion of cells with functional X disomy is associated with the severity of mental retardation in mosaic ring X Turner syndrome females. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2002;99(1–4):276–84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000071604.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kuroki Y, Suzuki Y, Chyo H, Hata A, Matsui I. A new malformation syndrome of long palpebral fissures, large ears, depressed nasal tip, and skeletal anomalies associated with postnatal dwarfism and mental retardation. J Pediatr. 1981;99(4):570–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80256-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Léger J, Zénaty D. PNDS – syndrome de Turner. Haute Autorité de Santé. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Leventopoulos G, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Kritikos K, Psoni S, Mavrou A, Kanavakis E, Fryssira H. A clinical study of Sotos syndrome patients with review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol. 2009;40(5):357–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.11.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Matsumoto N, Niikawa N. Kabuki make-up syndrome: a review. Am J Med Genet C. 2003;117C(1):57–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.10020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Matsuo T, Ihara K, Ochiai M, Kinjo T, Yoshikawa Y, Kojima-Ishii K, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy in Sotos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2013;161A(1):34–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.35657.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Meissner T, Rabl W, Mohnike K, Scholl S, Santer R, Mayatepek E. Hyperinsulinism in syndromal disorders. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90(8):856–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb02445.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Michot C, Corsini C, Sanlaville D, Baumann C, Toutain A, Philip N, et al. Finger creases lend a hand in Kabuki syndrome. Eur J Med Genet. 2013;56(10):556–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.07.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Miyake N, Koshimizu E, Okamoto N, Mizuno S, Ogata T, Nagai T, et al. MLL2 and KDM6A mutations in patients with Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2013;161A(9):2234–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.36072.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Miyake N, Mizuno S, Okamoto N, Ohashi H, Shiina M, Ogata K, et al. KDM6A point mutations cause Kabuki syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2013;34(1):108–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22229.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Munns CF, Batch JA. Hyperinsulinism and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2001;84(1):F67–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Mussa A, Di Candia S, Russo S, Catania S, De Pellegrin M, Di Luzio L, et al. Recommendations of the scientific committee of the Italian Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Association on the diagnosis, management and follow-up of the syndrome. Eur J Med Genet. 2016;59(1):52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.11.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Nakamura Y, Takagi M, Yoshihashi H, Miura M, Narumi S, Hasegawa T, et al. A case with neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: it is a characteristic complication of Sotos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2015;167A(5):1171–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.36996.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Nestorowicz A, Wilson BA, Schoor KP, Inoue H, Glaser B, Landau H, et al. Mutations in the sulonylurea receptor gene are associated with familial hyperinsulinism in Ashkenazi Jews. Hum Mol Genet. 1996;5(11):1813–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ng SB, Bigham AW, Buckingham KJ. Exome sequencing identifies MLL2 mutations as a cause of Kabuki syndrome. Nat Genet. 2010;42(9):790–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.646.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Niikawa N, Kuroki Y, Kajii T, Matsuura N, Ishikiriyama S, Tonoki H, et al. Kabuki make-up (Niikawa-Kuroki) syndrome: a study of 62 patients. Am J Med Genet. 1988;31(3):565–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320310312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Niikawa N, Matsuura N, Fukushima Y, Ohsawa T, Kajii T. Kabuki make-up syndrome: a syndrome of mental retardation, unusual facies, large and protruding ears, and postnatal growth deficiency. J Pediatr. 1981;99(4):565–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80255-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Pietzner V, Weigel JF, Wand D, Merkenschlager A, Bernhard MK. Low-level hyperinsulinism with hypoglycemic spells in an infant with mosaic Turner syndrome and mild Kabuki-like phenotype: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014;21(1–2):165–70. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2013-0090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Rodríguez L, Diego-Alvarez D, Lorda-Sanchez I, Gallardo FL, Martínez-Fernández ML, Arroyo-Muñoz ME, Martínez-Frías ML. A small and active ring X chromosome in a female with features of Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146A(21):2816–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32521.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Schrander-Stumpel CT, Spruyt L, Curfs L, Defloor T, Schrander K, Schrander J. Kabuki syndrome: clinical data in 20 patients, literature review, and further guidelines for preventive management. Am J Med Genet A. 2005;132A(3):234–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Senniappan S, Ismail D, Shipster C, Beesley C, Hussain K. The heterogeneity of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in 19 patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome due to KvDMR1 hypomethylation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015;28(1–2):83–6. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2013-0390.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Smith AC, Shuman C, Chitayat D, Steele L, Ray PN, Bourgeois J, Weksberg R. Severe presentation of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome associated with high levels of constitutional paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 11p15. Am J Med Genet A. 2007;143A(24):3010–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32030.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Stankiewicz P, Thiele H, Giannakudis I, Schlicker M, Baldermann C, Krüger A, et al. Kabuki syndrome-like features associated with a small ring chromosome X and XIST gene expression. Am J Med Genet. 2001;102(3):286–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Su PH, Kuo PL, Chen SJ, Chen JY, Yu JS, Liu YL, Kao IW. Kabuki make-up (Niikawa-Kuroki) syndrome with mosaicism ring chromosome X and incomplete XIST gene expression. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2007;48(1):28–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Subbarayan A, Hussain K. Hypoglycemia in Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2013;164(1):467–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.36256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Tatton-Brown K, Douglas J, Coleman K, Baujat G, Cole TR, Das S, et al.; Childhood Overgrowth C. Genotype-phenotype associations in Sotos syndrome: an analysis of 266 individuals with NSD1 aberrations. Am J Hum Genet. 2005:77(2):193–204. https://doi.org/10.1086/432082.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Thomas PM, Cote GJ, Hallman DM, Mathew PM. Homozygosity mapping, to chromosome 11p, of the gene for familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Am J Hum Genet. 1995a;56(2):416–21.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Thomas PM, Cote GJ, Wohllk N, Haddad B, Mathew PM, Rabl W, et al. Mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor gene in familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Science. 1995b;268(5209):426–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Toda N, Ihara K, Kojima-Ishii K, Ochiai M, Ohkubo K, Kawamoto Y, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in Beckwith-Wiedemann, Sotos, and Kabuki syndromes: a nationwide survey in Japan. Am J Med Genet A. 2017;173(2):360–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.38011.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Wellesley DG, Slaney S. Kabuki make-up and Turner syndromes in the same patient. Clin Dysmorphol. 1994;3(4):297–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. White SM, Thompson EM, Kidd A, Savarirayan R, Turner A, Amor D, et al. Growth, behavior, and clinical findings in 27 patients with Kabuki (Niikawa–Kuroki) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2004;127A(2):118–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.20674.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer M. Kalish .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kalish, J.M., Arnoux, JB. (2019). Syndromic Causes of Congenital Hyperinsulinism. In: De León-Crutchlow, D., Stanley, C. (eds) Congenital Hyperinsulinism. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02961-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02961-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02960-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02961-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics