Abstract
A study of the physical properties of matter was made somewhat simpler by the establishment of a system of classification according to the state of aggregation; gas, liquid, or solid. Such mechanical properties as the immutability of form, constancy of volume, and ability to flow, can be used as criteria of these subdivisions and the state of aggregation can then be attributed on the basis of the presence or absence of these properties. It is essential to these considerations that the system in question be in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium and it is then possible to evoke general phenomenological principles characteristic of each of these three states of aggregation. Having ennumerated all the stable equilibrium states of matter there remain to be examined the states of aggregation which represent nonequilibrium systems. In particular, the vitreous state does not correspond to any of these states of aggregation and is an effectively distinct, “fourth” state of aggregation.
R. L. Myuller, Uch. Zap. Leningr. Gos. Univ. No. 54 (5), 159 (1940).
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Myuller, R.L. (1971). Electrical Conductivity of Glasses. In: Electrical Conductivity of Vitreous Substances. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5062-1_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5062-1_1
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