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Liver Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

Patients with acute hepatobiliary dysfunction are frequently encountered in the intensive care unit. Therefore, it is important for intensivists to understand the various causes of hepatobiliary dysfunction and to have a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology, presentation, and management in each process. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the most common causes of acute hepatobiliary dysfunction encountered in the intensive care unit.

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Abbreviations

AAC:

Acute acalculous cholecystitis

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

BSEP:

Bile salt export pump

CHF:

Congestive heart failure

CO:

Cardiac output

CT:

Computed tomography

CVP:

Central venous pressure

DILI:

Drug-induced liver injury

HH:

Hypoxic hepatitis

HIDA:

Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IL:

Interleukin

INR:

International normalized ratio

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MRP:

Multidrug-resistance-associated protein

NO:

Nitric oxide

NTCP:

Sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporter

OATPs:

Organic anion transport proteins

PMH:

Polymorphonuclear cell

PO2:

Partial pressure of oxygen

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

S-AT:

Serum aminotransferase

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

SOFA:

Sequential organ failure assessment

TB:

Total bilirubin

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TPN:

Total parenteral nutrition

US:

Ultrasound

xULN:

Times the upper limit of normal

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 4076, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA

    Jennifer M. Newton, Andrew Aronsohn & Donald M. Jensen

Authors
  1. Jennifer M. Newton
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  2. Andrew Aronsohn
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  3. Donald M. Jensen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer M. Newton .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Newton, J.M., Aronsohn, A., Jensen, D.M. (2014). Liver Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_47-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_47-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8503-2

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