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Projections of regional changes in forest net primary productivity for different tree species in Europe driven by climate change and carbon dioxide

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

• Context

Projecting changes in forest productivity in Europe is crucial for adapting forest management to changing environmental conditions.

• Aims

The objective of this paper is to project forest productivity changes under different climate change scenarios at a large number of sites in Europe with a stand-scale process-based model.

• Methods

We applied the process-based forest growth model 4C at 132 typical forest sites of important European tree species in ten environmental zones using climate change scenarios from three different climate models and two different assumptions about CO2 effects on productivity.

• Results

This paper shows that future forest productivity will be affected by climate change and that these effects depend strongly on the climate scenario used and the persistence of CO2 effects. We find that productivity increases in Northern Europe, increases or decreases in Central Europe, and decreases in Southern Europe. This geographical pattern is mirrored by the responses of the individual tree species. The productivity of Scots pine and Norway spruce, mostly located in central and northern Europe, increases while the productivity of Common beech and oak in southern regions decreases. It is important to note that we consider the physiological response to climate change excluding disturbances or management.

• Conclusions

Different climate change scenarios and assumptions about the persistence of CO2 effects lead to uncertain projections of future forest productivity. These uncertainties need to be integrated into forest management planning and adaptation of forest management to climate change using adaptive management frameworks.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is dedicated to Matthias Dobbertin. We are grateful to ICP Forests and in particular Richard Fischer, Matthias Dobbertin, and Oliver Granke for helping us in all aspects concerning the Level-II database. This study was based on data that are part of the UNECE ICP Forests Collaborative Database (see www.icp-forests.org). In particular, data from the following countries and institutions were used: Austria (Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft, Wien. Mr. Ferdinand Kristöfel (ferdinand.kristoefel@bfw.gv.at); Belgium (Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Ministère de la Région Wallonne and Mathieu Jonard in particular); Czech Republic (Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, VULHM); Estonia (Estonian Environment Information Centre); Finland (Finnish Forest Research Institute, METLA); France (Ministère de l‘agriculture et de la pêche); Germany (Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Landesforstanstalt Eberswalde, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Schwerin, Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW, Forschungsanstalt für Waldökologie und Forstwirtschaft Rheinland-Pfalz, Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie und Verkehr, Landesamt für Umwelt- und Arbeitsschutz Saarbrücken, Staatsbetrieb Sachsenforst, Thüringer Landesanstalt für Wald, Jagd u. Fischerei); Hungary (State Forest Service); Italy (Corpo Forestale dello Stato-Servizio CONECOFOR); Lithuania (State Forest Survey Service); The Netherlands (Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality); Norway (Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute); Poland (Forest Research Institute); Romania (Forest Research and Management Institute, ICAS); Slovak Republic (National Forest Centre); Spain (Forest Health Unit (SPCAN)/DG Nature and Forest Policy (DGMNyPF)/ Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino); Sweden (Swedish Forest Agency); Switzerland (Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, WSL). Data collection and evaluations were co-financed under the LIFE + Regulation (EC) 614/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council. We also would like to thank Beate Klöcking providing us data for the validation. We greatly acknowledge the provision of the CRUPIK dataset by Peter Werner and Herman Österle, the NORDFLUX data by Pasi Kolari and the many people contributing to the Euroflux/CarboEurope database, in particular D. Papale, R. Valentini, A. Granier, I. Janssens, B. Gielen and R. Ceulemans. Furthermore, Niklaus Zimmermann, Pedro Contro, Michael Benken, Julia Marusczyk and Alexandra Wilke greatly supported the data preparation for the 4C application. We thank Marc Metzger and Marcus Lindner for providing us the environmental zones of Europe data. The ENSEMBLES data used in this work was funded by the EU FP6 Integrated Project ENSEMBLES (Contract No. 505539) whose support is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to the IT-services of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research for providing excellent computational infrastructure to carry out this study.

Funding

All authors acknowledge funding from the EC FP7 MOTIVE project (grant agreement No. 226544).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, RD II: Climate Impacts and Vulnerabilities, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412, Potsdam, Germany

    Christopher Reyer, Petra Lasch-Born, Felicitas Suckow, Martin Gutsch, Aline Murawski & Tobias Pilz

  2. Department of Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Christopher Reyer

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  1. Christopher Reyer
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  2. Petra Lasch-Born
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Correspondence to Christopher Reyer.

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Handling Editor: Jean Daniel Bontemps

Contribution of the co-authors

Christopher Reyer: study design, data preparation, preparation of figures and tables, interpretation and analysis of results, and writing of paper

Petra Lasch-Born: study design, data preparation, model runs, interpretation and analysis of results, and supervision

Felicitas Suckow: data preparation and validation

Martin Gutsch: data preparation

Aline Murawski: data preparation

Tobias Pilz: data preparation and preparation of figures and tables

All authors commented on the manuscript.

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Reyer, C., Lasch-Born, P., Suckow, F. et al. Projections of regional changes in forest net primary productivity for different tree species in Europe driven by climate change and carbon dioxide. Annals of Forest Science 71, 211–225 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0306-8

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