Abstract
Experimental model tests were performed in a wave flume with regular waves to measure the magnitude and distribution of impact pressures caused by breaking waves on a curved seawall model having different radii of curvatures. The base structure of the wall has a foreshore slope of 1/10. Theoretical studies based on pressure impulse theory were carried out to obtain the numerical results of breaking wave impact pressures on curved seawalls. The boundary element method was used for the numerical solution of the governing equation. The novel aspect of this study was to investigate the applicability of pressure impulse theory to curved seawalls. The results showed that the pressure impulse model can be used to model the wave impact pressures and their distribution on curved seawall models with good accuracy. A slight decrease has been observed in pressures for increasing radii of curvatures, especially for the case which the water depth at wall was 14 cm. The location of the maximum impact pressure was found to occur above the still water level for all cases tested in this study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Peregrine D.H.: Water-wave impacts on walls. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 35, 23–43 (2003)
Blackmore P.A., Hewson P.J.: Experiments on full scale wave impact pressures. Coast. Eng. 8, 331–346 (1984)
Partenscky H.W.: Neue Bemessungskriterien für senkrechte und geschüttete Wellenbrecher. Jahrbuch der Hafenbautechnischen Gesellschaft, Hamburg 42, 233–254 (1987)
Chan E.S., Melville W.K.: Deep-water plunging pressures on a vertical plane wall. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 417, 95–131 (1988)
Kirkgöz M.S.: Shock pressure of breaking waves on vertical walls. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Div. ASCE 108, 81–95 (1982)
Kirkgöz M.S.: Impact pressure of breaking waves on vertical ond sloping walls. Ocean Eng. 18, 45–59 (1991)
Kirkgöz M.S.: Breaking wave impact on vertical and sloping coastal structures. Ocean Eng. 22(1), 35–48 (1995)
Neelamani S., Schüttrumpf H., Muttray M., Oumeraci H.: Prediction of wave pressures on smooth impermeable seawalls. Ocean Eng. 26, 739–765 (1999)
Bullock G.N., Crawford A.R., Hewson P.J., Walkden M.J.A., Bird P.A.D.: The influence of air and scale on wave impact pressures. Coast. Eng. 42, 291–312 (2001)
Hull P., Müller G.: An investigation of breaker heights, shapes and pressures. Ocean Eng. 29, 59–79 (2002)
Kirkgöz M.S., Mamak M.: Impulse modelling of wave impact pressures on vertical walls. Ocean Eng. 31, 343–352 (2004)
Bagnold R.A.: Interim report on wave pressure research. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. 12, 201–226 (1939)
Richert, G.: Experimental investigation of shock pressures against breakwaters. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, London, pp. 954–973 (1968)
Chan E.S.: Mechanics of deep water plunging-wave impacts on vertical structures. Coast. Eng. 22, 115–133 (1994)
Goda, Y.: New wave pressure formulae for composite breakwaters. In: Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, Copenhagen, pp. 1702–1720 (1974)
Goda Y.: Dynamic response of upright breakwaters to impulsive breaking wave forces. Coast. Eng. 22, 135–158 (1994)
Goda, Y.: Japan’s design practice in assessing wave forces on vertical breakwaters. In: Kobayashi, N.; Demirbilek, Z. (eds.) Wave Forces on Inclined and Vertical Wall Structures, pp. 140–155. ASCE, New York (1995)
Allsop, N.W.H.; Vicinanza, D.; Mckenna, J.E.: Wave forces on vertical and composite breakwaters. Strategic Research Report. Hydraulic Research Wallingford, SR443, Wallingford (1996)
Allsop, N.W.H.; Mckenna, J.E.; Vicinanza, D.; Whittaker, T.T.J.: New design methods for wave impact loadings on vertical breakwaters and seawalls. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2508–2521. ASCE, Orlando (1996)
Müller G., Whittaker T.J.T.: An evaluation of design wave impact pressures. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Eng. ASCE 122(1), 55–58 (1996)
Kortenhaus, A.; Oumeraci, H.: Classification of wave loading on monolithic coastal structures. In: Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 867–880. ASCE, Copenhagen (1998)
Goda, Y.: Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures, 2nd edn. World Scientific, Singapore (2000)
Cuomo, G.; Allsop, N.W.H.: Wave impacts at seawalls. In: Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 4050–4062. World Scientific, Lisbon (2004)
Kamikubo, Y.; Murakami, K.; Irie, I.; Hamasaki, Y.: Study on practical application of a non-wave overtopping type seawall. In: Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2215–2228. ASCE, Sydney (2000)
Yamashiro, M.; Yoshida, A.; Irie, I.: Development of non-wave overtopping type seawall in deepwater. In: Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 4367–4378. World Scientific, Lisbon (2004)
Hattori M., Arami A., Yui T.: Impact wave pressure on vertical walls under breaking waves of various types. Coast. Eng. 22, 79–114 (1994)
Bullock, G.N.; Obhrai, C.; Peregrine, D.H.; Bredmose, E.H.: Violent breaking wave impacts. Part 1: results from large-scale regular wave tests on vertical and sloping walls. Coast. Eng. 54, 602–617 (2007)
Wood D.J., Peregrine D.H., Bruce T.: Wave impact on a wall using pressure impulse theory I: Trapped air. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Eng. ASCE 126(4), 182–190 (2000)
Shimosako, K.; Takahashi, S.: Application of expected sliding distance method for composite breakwaters design. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 1885–1898. ASCE, Sydney (2000)
Carr, J.H.: Breaking wave forces on plane barriers. Contract No-12561, Report No. E-11.3. Hydrology Laboratory of California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California (1954)
McKenna, J.E.; Allsop, N.W.H.: Statistical distribution of horizontal wave forces on vertical breakwaters. In: Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2082–2095. ASCE, Copenhagen (1998)
Cooker M.J., Peregrine D.H.: Pressure-impulse theory for liquid impact problems. J. Fluid Mech. 297, 193–214 (1995)
Rouville, A.; Besson, P.; Petry, P.: Etat actuel des études intemationales sur les efforts dus aux lames. Ann. Ponts Chaussées 108(I1), 5–113 (1938)
Nagai S.: Shock pressures by breaking waves on breakwaters. J. WatWay Harbors Div. ASCE 86, 1–38 (1960)
Mitsuyasu, H.: Shock pressure of breaking waves I. Coastal Eng. Japan 9, 83–96 (1966)
Kirkgöz, M.S.: Breaking waves: their action on slopes and impact on vertical seawalls. Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool, UK (1978)
Mamak, M.: Wave forces on curved seawalls. PhD thesis, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey (in Turkish) (2002)
Brebbia, C.A.; Dominguez, J.: Boundary Elements: An Introductory Course. Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton (1989)
Wood, A.M.M.: Coastal Hydraulics, p. 136. Gordon and Breach, New York (1969)
Lugni, C.; Brocchini, M.; Faltinsen, O.M.: Wave impact loads: the role of the flip-through. Phys. Fluids 18, 122101-17 (2006)
Kortenhaus, A.; Haupt, R.; Oumeraci, H.: Design aspects of vertical walls with steep foreland slopes. In: Proceedings of Breakwaters, Coastal Structures and Coastlines, London (ICE), pp. 221–232 (2001)
Oumeraci, H.; Bruce, T.; Klammer, P.; Easson, W.J.: PIV measurements of breaking wave kinematics and impact loadings on caisson breakwaters. In: 4th International Conference on Port Engineering in Developing Countries, Rio de Janerio, vol. 3, pp. 2394–2410. Brazilian Water Resources Association, Brazil (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mamak, M., Guzel, H. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Wave Impact Pressures on Curved Seawalls. Arab J Sci Eng 38, 817–828 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0521-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0521-x