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Mitochondrial Disease in Childhood: mtDNA Encoded

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Neurotherapeutics

Abstract

Since the first description of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-associated disease in the late 1980s, there have been more than 275 mutations within the mtDNA genome described causing human disease. The phenotypic expression of these disorders is vast, as disturbances of the unique physiology of mitochondria can create a wide range of clinical heterogeneity. Features of heteroplasmy, threshold effect, genetic bottleneck, mtDNA depletion, mitotic segregation, and maternal inheritance have been identified and described as a result of novel biochemical and genetic controls of mitochondrial function. We hope that as we unfold this fascinating part of clinical medicine, the reader will see how alterations in the tapestry of mitochondrial biochemistry and genetics can give rise to human illness.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the many patients and their families that had allowed us to part of their medical care. This work was supported, in part, by NIH grant U54NS078059-01 (to RPS) and the Mitochondrial Research Guild at Seattle Children’s Hospital (to RPS and MMS).

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  1. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA

    Russell P. Saneto

  2. Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101-1034, USA

    Margret M. Sedensky

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Correspondence to Russell P. Saneto.

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Saneto, R.P., Sedensky, M.M. Mitochondrial Disease in Childhood: mtDNA Encoded. Neurotherapeutics 10, 199–211 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-012-0167-0

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