Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core-shell nanoparticles reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites

  • Article
  • Published:
Macromolecular Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nano-calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core-shell nanoparticles in the range of 10–100 nm were successfully synthesized by the atomized microemulsion method. The polymer chains were grafted onto the surface of nano-CaCO3 through triethoxyvinyl silane (TEVS) as a coupling agent. Encapsulation of nano-CaCO3 by PMMA was confirmed through the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, revealed the existence of favorable interaction between the surface of nano-CaCO3 particles and PMMA, which implies that the polymer chains were successfully grafted onto the surface of nano-CaCO3 particles through the link of the coupling agent. Nano-CaCO3/PMMA particles were blended with the polypropylene (PP) matrix on Brabender Plastograph by the melt process with different wt% (i.e. 0.1–1.0 wt%) loading. The dispersion of nano-CaCO3 particles into the PP matrix significantly improved when the nano-CaCO3 nanoparticles were grafted with PMMA, which enhanced the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of (nano-CaCO3/PMMA)/PP composites. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and atomic force microscopic (AFM) images showed a perfect dispersion of the nano-CaCO3 particles via the PMMA shell in the PP matrix.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. S. Fleming, T. K. Mandal, and D. R. Walt, Chem. Mater., 13, 2210 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. C. P. Wang, X. J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, and K. Ishida, Science, 297, 990 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. C. P. Wang, X. J. Liu, R. P. Shi, C. Shen, Y. Z. Wang, and I. Ohnuma, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 141904 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D. J. Li, G. L. Jones, J. R. Dunlap, F. J. Hua, and B. Zhao, Langmuir, 22, 3344 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. N. Nishizawa, J. Nishimura, H. Saitoh, K. Fujiki, and N. Tsubokawa, Prog. Org. Coat., 53, 306 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C. Y. Hong, X. Li, and C. Y. Pan, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 4114 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. X. Chen, T. Rajh, Z. Wang, and M. C. Thurnauer, J. Phys. Chem., 101, 10688 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  8. S. C. Ringward and J. E. Pemberton, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 259 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Rajh, D. M. Tiede, and M. C. Thurnauer, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 207, 815 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Q. Dong, H. Su, W. Cao, J. Han, D. Zhang, and Q. Guo, Mater. Chem. Phys., 110, 160 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. J. Bawden and S. R. Turner, in Advances Chemistry Series, ACS, Washington, DC, 1988, Vol. 218.

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. Kato, E. Uchida, E. T. Kang, Y. Uyama, and Y. Zkada, Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 209 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Galperin and S. Margel, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B: Appl. Biomater., 83B, 490 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S. R. Hall, S. A. Davis, and S. Mann, Langmuir, 16, 1454 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. A. Carrado, J. Appl. Clay Sci., 17, 1 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. T. Lutz Jr. and D. L. Dunkelberger, Eds., Impact Modifiers for PVC. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  17. D. S. Parker, H. J. Sue, J. Huang, and A. F. Yee, Polymer, 31, 2267 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Laatsch, G. M. Kim, G. H. Michler, T. Arndt, and T. Sufke, Polym. Adv. Technol., 9, 716 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Hage, W. Hale, H. Keskkula, and D. R. Paul, Polymer, 38, 3237 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. E. Crawford and A. J. Lesser, Polymer, 41, 5865 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Mishra, N. G. Shimpi, and A. D. Mali, Macromol. Res., 20, 44 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Mishra, N. G. Shimpi, and A. D. Mali, Polym. Adv. Technol., 23, 236 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Mishra, N. G. Shimpi, and A. D. Mali, J. Polym. Res., 18, 1715 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Mishra, N. G. Shimpi, and U. D. Patil, J. Polym. Res., 14, 449 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. M. Cao, J. Sun, and D. H. Yu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 70 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. F. C. Meldrum, Int. Mater. Rev., 48, 187 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Weiner and L. Addadi, J. Mater. Chem., 7, 689 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. N. Lu, L. Yan, X. G. Zhu, and Z. N. Qi, J. Mater. Sci., 27, 4633 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Y. C. Ou and Z. Z. Yu, Polym. Int., 37, 113 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. C. Ou, F. Yang, and Z. Z. Yu, J. Polym. Sci., 36, 789 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. X. L. Xie, B. G. Li, Z. R. Pan, R. K. Y. Li, and S. C. Tjong, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 80, 2105 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. X. Yang and Y. Lu, Mater. Lett., 59, 2484 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Liu, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 291, 155 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Chen, Z. Qian, and Z. Zhang, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 312, 209 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. B. Erdem, E. D. Sudol, V. L. Dimonie, and M. S. El-Aasser, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 38, 4441 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. H. Liu, H. Ye, T. Lin, and T. Zhou, Particuology, 6, 207 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Mishra and A. Chatterjee, Polym. Adv. Technol., 22, 1547 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Mishra and A. Chatterjee, Polym. Adv. Technol., 22, 1593 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Mishra, A. Chatterjee, and V. K. Rana, Polym. Adv. Technol., 22, 1802 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S. Mishra, A. Chatterjee, and R. P. Singh, Polym. Adv. Technol., 22, 2571 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Y. Shen, Y. H. Lin, M. Li, and C. W. Nan, Adv. Mater., 19, 1418 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Mishra, R. D. Kulkarni, U. D. Patil, and N. Ghosh, Indian Patent No. 235186 (2009).

  43. R. D. Kulkarni, U. D. Patil, N. Ghosh, and S. Mishra, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, 1478 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. E. Tang, H. Liu, L. Sun, E. Zheng, and G. Cheng, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 4210 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. E. Tang, G. Cheng, and X. Ma, Powder Technology, 161, 209 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. R. Y. Hong, J. Z. Qian, and J. X. Cao, Powder Technology, 163, 160 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Y. Sheng, J. Zhao, B. Zhou, X. Ding, Y. Deng, and Z. Wang, Mater. Lett., 60, 3248 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. W. Posthumus, P. C. M. M. Magusin, J. C. M. Brokken-Zijp, and A. H. A. Tinnemans, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 269, 109 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. E. Bourgeat-Lami, P. H. Espiard, and A. Guyot, Polymer, 36, 4385 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Q. L. Feng, J. Wu, G. Q. Chen, F. Z. Cui, and T. M. Kim, Mater. Res., 52, 662 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Y. Rong, H. Z. Chen, G. Wu, and M. Wang, Mater. Chem. Phys., 91, 370 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. J. A. Spadaro, T. J. Berger, S. D. Barranco, S. E. Chapin, and R. O. Becker, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 6, 637 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. S. Jian-ming, B. Yong-zhong, H. Zhi-ming, and W. Zhi-xue, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci., 5, 709 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Marimuthu and G. Madras, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, 15 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. T. L. Tsai, C. C. Lin, G. L. Guo, and T. C. Chu, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 2554 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. B. P. Bastakoti, S. Guragain, Y. Yokoyama, S. Yusa, and K. Nakashima, Langmuir, 27, 379 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. I. Lysikov, A. N. Salanov, E. M. Moroz, and A. G. Okunev, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 90, 151 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. F. Bosscher, G. T. Brinke, and G. Challa, Macromolecules, 15, 1442 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Könnecke and G. Rehage, Colloid Polym. Sci., 259, 1062 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. F. Bosscher, G. T. Brinke, A. Eshuis, and G. Challa. Macromolecules, 15, 1364 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. S. Asai, T. Kawano, S. Hirota, Y. Tominaga, M. Sumita, and T. Mizumoto, Polymer, 48, 5116 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. K. Wang, Y. Chen, and Y. Zhang, Polymer, 50, 1483 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. F. Avalos and M. Arroyo, Polymer, 37, 5681 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. J. S. Ma, M. S. Zhang, and Z. N. Qi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 1978 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. X. Chen, C. Li, S. Xu, L. Zang, W. Shao, and H. L. Du, China Particuology, 4, 25 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. W. Wu, X. Zhang, J. Chen, and S. Shen, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 15, 67 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Chatterjee and S. Mishra, Macromol. Res., 20, 780 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. P. L. The, Z. A. M. Ishak, A. S. Hashim, J. K. Kocsis, and U. S. Ishiaku, Eur. Polym. J., 40, 2513 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. M. Song, H. S. Xia, K. J. Yao, and D. J. Hourston, Eur. Polym. J., 41, 259 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India

    Aniruddha Chatterjee & Satyendra Mishra

Authors
  1. Aniruddha Chatterjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Satyendra Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satyendra Mishra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chatterjee, A., Mishra, S. Rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core-shell nanoparticles reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Macromol. Res. 21, 474–483 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-013-1049-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-013-1049-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation