Abstract
Nursing homes around the world are seeking new strategies to improve the quality of life for older adults living in their facilities. Involvement of older adults in formal volunteer opportunities is a strategy that can provide social interaction and meaningful experiences and has been associated with physical and emotional health benefits. Although engaging older adults in volunteering has shown promise as a method for improving quality of life, community volunteer opportunities have often been made available only to non-institutionalized older adults. This may be due to negative views of both nursing homes and their residents. In addition, nursing home residents are often isolated both physically and socially from their surrounding community. However, using the strengths perspective as a framework, human service professionals in the United States and around the world can help to address these barriers. Specifically, human service professionals can help reframe negative views of nursing homes, identify strengths of nursing homes and their residents, and create and implement a strengths-based agenda for extending formal volunteer opportunities into nursing homes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahn, S., Phillips, K. L., Smith, M. L., & Ory, M. G. (2011). Correlates of volunteering among aging Texans: the roles of health indicators, spirituality, and social engagement. Maturitas, 69(3), 257–262.
Allen, J.E. (2011). Nursing home federal requirements, Guidelines to surveyors and survey protocols. New York, NY: Spring Publishing Company.
Anderson, K. A., & Dabelko-Schoeny, H. I. (2010). Civic engagement for nursing home residents: a call for social work action. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(3), 270–282.
Baur, V. E., & Abma, T. A. (2011). Resident councils between lifeworld and system: is there room for communicative action?. Journal of Aging Studies, 25(4), 390–396.
Bergland, Å., & Kirkevold, M. (2006). Thriving in nursing homes in Norway: contributing aspects described by residents. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(6), 681–691.
Bezette-Flores, N., & Lazarre, S. (2015). Using appreciative inquiry to identify strengths in refugee and immigrant families: implication for family and community assessment. Journal of Family Strengths, 14(1), 18.
Bishop, J. D., & Moxley, D. P. (2012). Promising practices useful in the design of an intergenerational program: ten assertions guiding program development. Social Work in Mental Health, 10(2), 183–204.
Bliss, D., Harms, S., Eberly, L. E., Savik, K., Gurvich, O., Mueller, C. & Virnig, B. (2015). Social Engagement After Nursing Home Admission: Racial and Ethnic Disparities and Risk Factors. Journal of applied gerontology: the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society.
Boelsma, F., Baur, V. E., Woelders, S., & Abma, T. A. (2014). “small” things matter: Residents’ involvement in practice improvements in long-term care facilities. Journal of Aging Studies, 31, 45–53.
Bradshaw, S. A., Playford, E. D., & Riazi, A. (2012). Living well in care homes: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Age and Ageing, 41(4), 429–440.
Capitman, J., Bishop, C., & Casler, R. (2005). Long-term care quality: historical overview and current initiatives. Washington, DC: National Quality Forum.
Chapin, R. (2014). Social policy for effective practice (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Chapin, R. K., Sergeant, J. F., Landry, S., Leedahl, S. N., Rachlin, R., Koenig, T., & Graham, A. (2013). Reclaiming joy: pilot evaluation of a mental health peer support program for older adults who receive Medicaid. The Gerontologist, 53(2), 345–352.
Chapin, R. K., Sellon, A., & Wendel-Hummell, C. (2015). Integrating education, research, and practice in Gerontological social work: lessons learned from the reclaiming joy peer support program. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 36(3), 242–260.
Cheek, C., Piercy, K. W., & Grainger, S. (2013). Leaving home how older adults prepare for intensive volunteering. Journal of Applied Gerontology. doi:10.1177/0733464813480268.
Choi, L. H. (2003). Factors affecting volunteerism among older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 22(2), 179–196.
Cnaan, R., Handy, F., & Wadsworth, M. (1996). Defining who is a volunteer: conceptual and empirical considerations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25, 364–383.
Cooperrider, D. L., & Godwin, L. (2011). Positive organization development: Innovation-inspired change in an economy and ecology of strengths. Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship, Oxford: Oxford University Press 737-50.
Crosby, J. T., Burbidge, T., & Mcpherson, K. (2013). Email, Skype, Pandora and YouTube: pilot project with residents and families in a nursing home. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 3(14), B15–B16.
Cumming, E., & Henry, W. E. (1961). Growing old, the process of disengagement. City: Basic Books.
Devitt, M., & Checkoway, B. (1982). Participation in nursing home resident councils: promise and practice. The Gerontologist, 22(1), 49–53.
Fast, B., & Chapin, R. (2000). Strengths case Management in Long Term Care. Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press.
Glass, T. A., Freedman, M., Carlson, M. C., Hill, J., Frick, K. D., Ialongo, N., et al. (2004). Experience corps: design of an intergenerational program to boost social capital and promote the health of an aging society. Journal of Urban Health, 81(1), 94–105.
Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2004). Formal volunteering as a protective factor for older adults’ psychological well-being. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59(5), S258–S264.
Harper Ice, G. (2002). Daily life in a nursing home: has it changed in 25 years? Journal of Aging Studies, 16(4), 345–359.
Hertzberg, A., & Ekman, S. L. (2000). ‘We, not them and us?’ views on the relationship and interactions between staff and relatives of older people permanently living in nursing homes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(3), 614–622.
Harris, A. H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Volunteering is associated with delayed mortality in older people: analysis of the longitudinal study of aging. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(6), 739–752.
Jongenelis, K., Pot, A. M., Eisses, A. M. H., Beekman, A. T. F., Kluiter, H., & Ribbe, M. W. (2004). Prevalence and risk indicators of depression in elderly nursing home patients: the AGED study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 83(2), 135–142.
Katz, P. R. (2011). An international perspective on long term care: focus on nursing homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(7), 487–492.
Kaye, H. S., Harrington, C., & LaPlante, M. P. (2010). Long-term care: who gets it, who provides it, who pays, and how much? Health Affairs, 29(1), 11–21.
Koren, M. J. (2010). Person-centered care for nursing home residents: the culture-change movement. Health Affairs, 29(2), 312–317.
Leedahl, S. N. (2013). Older adults in nursing homes: assessing relationships between multiple constructs of social integration, facility characteristics, and health.
Leedahl, S. N., Koenig, T. L., & Ekerdt, D. J. (2011). Perceived benefits of VFW post participation for older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 54(7), 712–730.
Leedahl, S. N., Chapin, R. K., & Little, T. D. (2015). Multilevel examination of facility characteristics, social integration, and health for older adults living in nursing homes. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70B(1), 111–122.
Leedahl, S N, Sellon, A M., & Gallopyn, N. (2016). Factors predicting civic engagement among older adult nursing home residents. Activities, Adaptations, & Aging, in press.
Lopes, M., Afonso, R. M., Cerqueira, M., & Pereira, H. M. (2012). Images of aging in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly people. Psychology, Community & Health, 1(2), 189–200.
Lum, T. Y., & Lightfoot, E. (2005). The effects of volunteering on the physical and mental health of older people. Research on Aging, 27(1), 31–55.
Majerovitz, S. D. (2007). Predictors of burden and depression among nursing home family caregivers. Aging & Mental Health, 11(3), 323–329.
Martinez, I. L., Frick, K., Glass, T. A., Carlson, M., Tanner, E., Ricks, M., et al. (2006). Engaging older adults in high impact volunteering that enhances health: recruitment and retention in the experience corps® Baltimore. Journal of Urban Health, 83(5), 941–953.
Martinson, M., & Minkler, M. (2006). Civic engagement and older adults: a critical perspective. The Gerontologist, 46, 318–324.
Matz-Costa, C., Besen, E., James, J. B., & Pitt-Catsouphes, M. (2014). Differential impact of multiple levels of productive activity engagement on psychological well-being in middle and later life. The Gerontologist, 54(2), 277–289.
McBride, A. M., Greenfield, J. C., Morrow-Howell, N., Lee, Y. S., & McCrary, S. (2012). Engaging older adult volunteers in national service. Social Work Research, 36(2), 101–112.
McDonald, T. W., Chown, E. L., Tabb, J. E., Schaeffer, A. K., & Howard, E. K. (2013). The impact of volunteering on seniors’ health and quality of life: an assessment of the retired and senior volunteer program. Psychology, 4(03), 283.
McGilton, K. S., & Boscart, V. M. (2007). Close care provider–resident relationships in long-term care environments. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(11), 2149–2157.
Meyer, M. H. (1991). Assuring quality of care: nursing home resident councils. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10(1), 103–116.
Miller, E. A., Tyler, D. A., Rozanova, J., & Mor, V. (2012). National newspaper portrayal of US nursing homes: periodic treatment of topic and tone. Milbank Quarterly, 90(4), 725–761.
Minkler, M., & Holstein, M. B. (2008). From civil rights to civic engagement? Concerns of two older critical gerontologists about a “new social movement” and what it portends. Journal of Aging Studies, 22, 196–204.
Mitchell, J.M., & Kemp, B.J. (2000). Quality of life in assisted living homes: a multidimensional analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 55B(2), P117-P127.
Morrow-Howell, N. (2010). Volunteering in later life: research frontiers. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(4), 461–469.
Morrow-Howell, N., Hinterlong, J., Rozario, P. A., & Tang, F. (2003). Effects of volunteering on the well-being of older adults. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological and Social Sciences, 58, S137–S145.
Morrow-Howell, N., & Wang, Y. (2013). Productive engagement of older adults: elements of a cross-cultural research agenda. Ageing International, 38(2), 159–170.
Mui, A. C., Glajchen, M., Chen, H., & Sun, J. (2013). Developing an older adult volunteer program in a New York Chinese community: an evidence-based approach. Ageing International, 38(2), 108–121.
Musick, M. A., & Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers: a social profile. City: Indiana University Press.
Port, C. L., Gruber-Baldini, A. L., Burton, L., Baumgarten, M., Hebel, J. R., Zimmerman, S. I., et al. (2001). Resident contact with family and friends following nursing home admission. The Gerontologist, 41(5), 589–596.
Principi, A., Jensen, P. H., & Lamura, G. (Eds.). (2014). Active Ageing: Voluntary Work by Older People in Europe. City: Policy Press.
Ramirez, M., Teresi, J., & Holmes, D. (2006). Demoralization and attitudes toward residents among certified nurse assistants in relation to job stressors and work resources: cultural diversity in long term care. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 13(2), 119–125.
Rozario, P. A. (2006). Volunteering among current cohorts of older adults and baby boomers. Generations, 30(4), 31–36.
Saleebey, D. (Ed.) (1992). Power in the people. The strengths perspective in social work practice (pp. 3–17). New York, NY: Longman.
Saleebey, D. (2012). The strengths perspective in social work practice. New York, NY: Pearson Higher Ed.
Seitz, D., Purandare, N., & Conn, D. (2010). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older adults in long-term care homes: a systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(07), 1025–1039.
Sellon, A. M. (2014). Recruiting and retaining older adults in volunteer programs: Best practices and next steps. Ageing International, 39(4), 421–437.
Shippee, T. P., Henning-Smith, C., Gaugler, J. E., Held, R., & Kane, R. L. (2015). Family satisfaction with nursing home care the role of facility characteristics and resident quality-of-life scores. Research on aging
Shura, R., Siders, R. A., & Dannefer, D. (2011). Culture change in long-term care: participatory action research and the role of the resident. The Gerontologist, 51(2), 212–225.
Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. (2008). Volunteerism: social issues, perspectives and social policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 2(1), 1–36.
Tang, F. (2006). What resources are needed for volunteerism? A life course perspective. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 25(5), 375–390.
Tang, F., Morrow-Howell, N., & Hong, S. (2009a). Inclusion of diverse older populations in volunteering: the importance of institutional facilitation. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(5), 810–827.
Tang, F., Morrow-Howell, N., & Hong, S. (2009b). Institutional facilitation in sustained volunteering among older adult volunteers. Social Work Research, 33(3), 172–182.
Tolson, D., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Aquino, J. P., Beard, J., Benetos, A., et al. (2011). International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics: a global agenda for clinical research and quality of care in nursing homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(3), 184–189.
Tu, Y. C., Wang, R. H., & Yeh, S. H. (2006). Relationship between perceived empowerment care and quality of life among elderly residents within nursing homes in Taiwan: a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(6), 673–680.
Van Malderen, L., Mets, T., & Gorus, E. (2013). Interventions to enhance the quality of life of older people in residential long-term care: a systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews, 12, 141–150.
Wakefield, B. J., Buresh, K. A., Flanagan, J. R., & Kienzle, M. G. (2004). Interactive video specialty consultations in long-term care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(5), 789–793.
Weik, A., Rapp, C., Sullivan, W. P., & Kisthardt, W. (1989). A strengths perspective for social work practice. Social Work, 34(4), 350–354.
Weiner, J. M. (2003). An assessment of strategies for improving quality of care in nursing homes. The Gerontologist, 43, 19–27.
White-Chu, E. F., Graves, W. J., Godfrey, S. M., Bonner, A., & Sloane, P. (2009). Beyond the medical model: the culture change revolution in long-term care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 10(6), 370–378.
Zhan, H. J., Feng, Z., Chen, Z., & Feng, X. (2011). The role of the family in institutional long-term care: cultural management of filial piety in China. International Journal of Social Welfare, 20(s1), S121–S134.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
Author Alicia M. Sellon, Rosemary K. Chapin, and Skye N. Leedahl declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Informed Consent
As there is no person or personal data appearing in the paper, there is no one from whom a permission should be obtained in order to publish personal data.
Ethical Treatment of Experimental Subjects (Animal and Human)
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sellon, A.M., Chapin, R.K. & Leedahl, S.N. Engaging Nursing Home Residents in Formal Volunteer Activities: a Focus on Strengths. Ageing Int 42, 93–114 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-016-9252-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-016-9252-8