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Industrial waste heat potential in Germany—a bottom-up analysis

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Abstract

Industrial waste heat may be one of the answers to future energy demands. Depending on the temperature, industrial waste heat may be used to produce electricity or meet cooling or heating demands at different temperature levels. However, in order to estimate the influence the waste heat may have in future energy systems, the magnitude of the industrial waste heat in the different countries need to be estimated. For Germany, so far, only top-down analyses of the waste heat potential exist, using key figures derived from other studies in other countries. In this paper, the first bottom-up approach for estimating the industrial waste heat potential in Germany is presented. For this approach, an algorithm to evaluate and test the mandatory emission report data from German production companies was developed. In a second step, round about 81,000 data sets have been evaluated to calculate a conservative and lower boundary value for the industrial waste heat. As this conservative, lower boundary based on the collected data from the German industry, the waste heat volume was evaluated as 127 PJ/a or 13 % of the industrial fuel consumption. Results were used to derive key figures with which the missing share of the data was approximated.

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Abbreviations

c p :

Heat capacity

CR:

Coverage ratio

f WH :

Waste heat ratio

H u :

Calorific value

m:

Mass

Q:

Sensible heat

ρ :

Density

T :

Temperature

\( \dot{V} \) :

Volume flow

0:

Reference level

CL:

Company level

EX:

Extrapolated

gas:

Exhaust gas streams

GER:

Germany

n:

Number of exhaust gas streams of a company

m:

Number of fuel streams of a company

SL:

Sector level

WH:

Waste heat

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Acknowledgments

The emission report data is collected individually in each state. Thus, the authors would like to thank the respective ministries and people for their help and data. The emission data was provided by:

Baden-Württemberg: Landesamt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg.

Bavaria: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt.

Brandenburg: Landesamt für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz.

Berlin: Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt.

Bremen: Senator für Umwelt, Bau und Verkehr.

Hamburg: Behörde für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt.

Hessen: Hessisches Emissionskataster Industrie 2008 - Hessisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie.

Mecklenburg - West Pomerania: Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Lower Saxony: Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Energie, Umwelt und Klimaschutz.

North Rhine-Westphalia: Landesamt für Umwelt.

Rhineland-Palatinate: Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht.

Saxony: Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie.

Saxony – Anhalt: Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt.

Schleswig – Holstein: Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume.

Thuringia: Thüringer Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie.

The work was partially funded by BMWi the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology for funding project (project FKZ 0327383B Mobile Sorption Heat Storage). For English proof reading the paper, the authors would like to thank Amanda Behning. Also the authors would like to thank April Choitz for editing the graphs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Sarah Brueckner

  2. Ifeu GmbH, Wilckensstraße 3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Martin Pehnt

  3. ZAE Bayern, Walther-Meißner-Str. 6, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Sarah Brueckner & Eberhard Laevemann

Authors
  1. Sarah Brueckner
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  2. Rene Arbter
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  3. Martin Pehnt
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  4. Eberhard Laevemann
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah Brueckner.

Appendix

Appendix

C – Manufacturing (NACE 2014)

C10 - Manufacture of food products.

C11 - Manufacture of beverages.

C12 - Manufacture of tobacco products.

C13 - Manufacture of textiles.

C14 - Manufacture of wearing apparel.

C15 - Manufacture of leather and related products.

C16 - Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials.

C17 - Manufacture of paper and paper products.

C18 - Printing and reproduction of recorded media.

C19 - Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products.

C20 - Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products.

C21 - Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations.

C22 - Manufacture of rubber and plastic products.

C23 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products.

C24 - Manufacture of basic metals.

C25 - Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment.

C26 - Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products.

C27 - Manufacture of electrical equipment.

C28 - Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.

C29 - Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.

C30 - Manufacture of other transport equipment.

C31 - Manufacture of furniture.

C32 - Other manufacturing.

C33 - Repair and installation of machinery and equipment.

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Brueckner, S., Arbter, R., Pehnt, M. et al. Industrial waste heat potential in Germany—a bottom-up analysis. Energy Efficiency 10, 513–525 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-016-9463-6

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