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Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in conifers

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Abstract

This review seeks to examine the extreme response of isolated somatic plant cells of apical meristematic tissues of mature conifer trees towards specific stress conditions in vitro resulting in somatic embryogenesis. Signal molecules regulating embryo development have been described in angiosperms, but very little is known about somatic rejuvenation in conifers. Recent studies on cloning of mature conifers provide new perspectives on signal molecules on cellular dedifferentiation into the embryogenic pathway. Our recent studies show that signal molecules such as butenolide, calcium ions, salicylic acid, antioxidants, amino acids, triacontanol and 24-epibrassinolide all play an important role in the conversion of somatic cells into an embryogenic pathway in many recalcitrant pines. This constitutes a major breakthrough in forest biotechnology with many practical applications in clonal forestry.

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Abbreviations

AGP:

arabinogalactan protein

ASA:

acetyl salicylic acid

BR:

brassinosteroid

DCR:

Durzan and Gupta medium

DTT:

dithiothreitol

GlcN:

N-glucosamine

EGTA:

ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid

GlcNAc:

N-acetylglucosamine

La3+ :

lanthanum chloride

LCO:

lipophilic chitin oligosaccharide

LM:

Litvay medium

OG:

oligogalacturonide

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

MSG:

Becwar medium

Nod:

nodulation

PEM:

pro-embryogenic mass

PGR:

plant growth regulator

SA:

salicylic acid

SSW:

smoke-saturated water

TDZ:

thidiazuron

tTCL:

transverse thin cell layer

TRIA:

triacontanol

WUS :

homeobox transcription factor WUSCHEL

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikenobe 2393, Kagawa-ken, 761-0795, Japan

    Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

  2. Division of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka State, India

    Ravindra B. Malabadi

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  1. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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Correspondence to Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva.

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Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Malabadi, R.B. Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in conifers. Journal of Forestry Research 23, 503–515 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-012-0266-0

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