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Dynamic Histone Acetylation of Late Embryonic Genes during Seed Germination

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Abstract

Histone acetylation is involved in the regulation of gene expression in plants and eukaryotes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from histones, which is associated with the repression of gene expression. To study the role of histone acetylation in the regulation of gene expression during seed germination, trichostatin A (TSA), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, was used to treat imbibing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. GeneChip arrays were used to show that TSA induces up-regulation of 45 genes and down-regulation of 27 genes during seed germination. Eight TSA-up-regulated genes were selected for further analysis – RAB18, RD29B, ATEM1, HSP70 and four late embryogenesis abundant protein genes (LEA). A gene expression time course shows that these eight genes are expressed at high levels in the dry seed and repressed upon seed imbibition at an exponential rate. In the presence of TSA, the onset of repression of the eight genes is not affected but the final level of repressed expression is elevated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and HDAC assays show that there is a transient histone deacetylation event during seed germination at 1 day after imbibition, which serves as a key developmental signal that affects the repression of the eight genes.

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Abbreviations

ABRE:

abscisic acid response element

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

ChIP:

chromatin immunoprecipitation

DAI:

days after imbibition

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

HAT:

histone acetyltransferase

HDAC(s):

histone deacetylase(s)

LIMMA:

linear models for microarray analysis

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

qPCR:

quantitative PCR

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

RTqPCR:

reverse transcription quantitative PCR

TSA:

Trichostatin A

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, P.O. Box 4000, E3B 5P7, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    Helen H. Tai & Tannis Beardmore

  2. Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 20280, E3B 4Z7, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    George C. C. Tai

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  1. Helen H. Tai
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  2. George C. C. Tai
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Correspondence to Helen H. Tai.

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Tai, H.H., Tai, G.C.C. & Beardmore, T. Dynamic Histone Acetylation of Late Embryonic Genes during Seed Germination. Plant Mol Biol 59, 909–925 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-2081-x

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