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Treating Offenders with Mental Illness: A Research Synthesis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Law and Human Behavior

Abstract

The purpose of this research synthesis was to examine treatment effects across studies of the service providers to offenders with mental illness. Meta-analytic techniques were applied to 26 empirical studies obtained from a review of 12,154 research documents. Outcomes of interest in this review included measures of both psychiatric and criminal functioning. Although meta-analytic results are based on a small sample of available studies, results suggest interventions with offenders with mental illness effectively reduced symptoms of distress, improving offender’s ability to cope with their problems, and resulted in improved behavioral markers including institutional adjustment and behavioral functioning. Furthermore, interventions specifically designed to meet the psychiatric and criminal justice needs of offenders with mental illness have shown to produce significant reductions in psychiatric and criminal recidivism. Finally, this review highlighted admission policies and treatment strategies (e.g., use of homework), which produced the most positive benefits. Results of this research synthesis are directly relevant for service providers in both criminal justice and mental health systems (e.g., psychiatric hospitals) as well as community settings by informing treatment strategies for the first time, which are based on empirical evidence. In addition, the implications of these results to policy makers tasked with the responsibility of designating services for this special needs population are highlighted.

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Notes

  1. We thank Drs. Paul Gendreau and Sheila Anne French for their helpful suggestions for improving the code sheet. A copy of the 13-page code sheet may be obtained by contacting the lead author.

  2. We did not conduct analyses for psychiatric recidivism, treatment-related factors, or financial benefit, because of the small number of studies providing results for these outcomes. However, the ES information for these outcomes is available in Table 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA

    Robert D. Morgan & Femina Varghese

  2. York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

    David B. Flora

  3. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA

    Daryl G. Kroner

  4. Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Jeremy F. Mills

  5. Western Missouri Mental Health Center, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Jarrod S. Steffan

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  1. Robert D. Morgan
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Correspondence to Robert D. Morgan.

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Morgan, R.D., Flora, D.B., Kroner, D.G. et al. Treating Offenders with Mental Illness: A Research Synthesis. Law Hum Behav (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-011-9271-7

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