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Waveguides and gratings fabrication in zirconium-based organic/inorganic hybrids

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Abstract

Sol–gel derived poly(oxyethylene)/siloxane organic/inorganic di-ureasil hybrids containing different amounts of methacrylic acid (McOH, CH2=C(CH3)COOH)) modified zirconium oxo-clusters (Zr-OMc) were processed as thin films deposited in glassy substrates via spin coating and as transparent and shape controlled monoliths. Channel monomode waveguides and diffraction gratings were UV patterned using the Talbot interferometer and the Lloyd mirror interferometer experimental setups. The time dependence of the diffraction gratings efficiency was studied for hybrids containing different amounts of Zr-OMc. Finally, the number of propagating modes and the refractive index gradient within the waveguide region, determined as a Gaussian section located below the patterned channel, was evaluated and modeled, a maximum index contrast of 2.43 × 10−5 being estimated.

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Acknowledgements

The support of NoE “Functionalised Advanced Materials Engineering of Hybrids and Ceramics” (FAME) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese agency), FEDER and POCI programs under contract POCI/CTM/59075/2004, PTDC/CTM/72093/2006, FAPESP and CNPq (Brazilian agencies) and CAPES-GRICES Brazil–Portugal cooperation program, contract BEX 2866/05-6. The authors thank the help of Daniela C. Oliveira (LNLS), Máximo S. Li (USP) and Andreia G. Macedo (University of Aveiro) for some synthesis, diffraction efficiency measurements and AFM analysis, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Carlos M. S. Vicente, Edison Pecoraro, Paulo S. André & Rogério Nogueira

  2. Department of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Rute A. S. Ferreira & Luís D. Carlos

  3. Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Younes Messaddeq & Sidney J. L. Ribeiro

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  1. Carlos M. S. Vicente
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  2. Edison Pecoraro
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  3. Rute A. S. Ferreira
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  4. Paulo S. André
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  5. Rogério Nogueira
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  6. Younes Messaddeq
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  7. Sidney J. L. Ribeiro
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  8. Luís D. Carlos
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sidney J. L. Ribeiro or Luís D. Carlos.

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Vicente, C.M.S., Pecoraro, E., Ferreira, R.A.S. et al. Waveguides and gratings fabrication in zirconium-based organic/inorganic hybrids. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 48, 80–85 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1775-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1775-3

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