Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity of the digestive system may determine the diversity of animal diets and, thus, their niche width. This study examines the effects of seasonal fluctuations in food quality and temperature on the gut morphology and the activity of sucrase, maltase, and aminopeptidase-N in the small intestinal brush-border membrane of male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Based on the adaptive modulation hypothesis and the principle of optimal gut function design, we hypothesize that the gut size, tissue-specific activity, and total hydrolytic capacity of intestinal digestive enzyme are upregulated in winter and downregulated in summer in response to diet shifts and energy demand in free-living Mongolian gerbils. Various seasonal modulation patterns in digestive enzyme activity in different regions of the small intestines were observed. The results show that male gerbils have the longest and heaviest small intestines in winter. This mechanism may be adapted to increase their food intake during winter. Male gerbils also exhibit the highest tissue-specific and total sucrase, maltase, and aminopeptidase-N activity in winter and in spring. Seasonal modulations are more distinct in the jejunum than in the duodenum and the ileum of the small intestines. The digestive phenotypic flexibility of male gerbils effectively corresponded with seasonal diet shifts and temperature fluctuations.
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Acknowledgments
We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. We thank Prof. Zhong Wen-Qin, Dr. Liu Wei and Liu Wen-Dong for their logistic support in the field. The work was supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30625009, 31071930 and 31100297) and partly by projects from Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No. 2011B090300039). All experiments were conducted according to current China law.
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Liu, QS., Zhang, ZQ., Caviedes-Vidal, E. et al. Seasonal plasticity of gut morphology and small intestinal enzymes in free-living Mongolian gerbils. J Comp Physiol B 183, 511–523 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-012-0726-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-012-0726-z