Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Computational Reconstruction of Cognitive Music Theory

  • Invited Paper
  • Published:
New Generation Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to obtain a computer-tractable model of music, we first discuss what conditions the music theory should satisfy from the various viewpoints of artificial intelligence and/or other computational notions. Then, we look back on the history of cognitive theory of music, i.e., various attempts to represent our mental understandings and to show music structures. Among which, we especially pay attention to the Generative Theory of Tonal Music (GTTM) by Lehrdahl and Jackendoff, as the most promising candidate of cognitive/computational theory of music. We briefly overview the theory as well as its inherent problems, including the ambiguity of its preference rules. By our recent efforts, we have solved this ambiguity problem by assigning parametrized weights, and thus we could implement an automatic tree analyzer. After we introduce the system architecture, we show our application systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bernstein, L., The Unanswered Question - Six Talks at Harvard by Leonard Bernstein, Kultur in DVD, 1976.

  2. Carpenter, B., The Logic of Typed Feature Structures, Cambridge University Press, 1992.

  3. Cooper, G. and Meyer, L. B., The Rhythmic Structure of Music, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1960.

  4. Cope, D., Computer Models of Musical Creativity, The MIT Press, 2005.

  5. ESCOM: 2007 Discussion Forum 4A. Similarity Perception in Listening to Music, MusicæScienti  2007.

  6. ESCOM: 2009 Discussion Froum 4B. Musical Similarity, MusicæScienti  2009.

  7. Grachten, M., Arcos, J.-L., de Mantaras, R.L., Melody retrieval using the Implication/Realization model, MIREX, 2005.

  8. Hamanaka, M., Hirata, K. and Tojo, S., Implementing “A Generating Theory of Tonal Music,” Journal of New Music Research, 35, 4, pp. 249–277, 2007.

  9. Hamanaka, M., Hirata, K. and Tojo, S., “FATTA: Full Automatic Time-span Tree Analyzer,” Proc. of the 2007 International Computer Music conference(ICMC2007), 1, pp. 153–156, 2007.

  10. Hamanaka, M., Hirata, K. and Tojo, S., “Melody Morphing Method based on GTTM, , pp. 155–158, 2008.

  11. Hamanaka, M., Hirata, K. and Tojo, S., “Melody Expectation Method Based on GTTM and TPS,” Proc. of the 9th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval conference(ISMIR2008), pp. 107–112, 2008.

  12. Larson, S., “Musical Forces and Melodic Expectations: Comparing Computer Models with Experimental Results,” Music Perception, 21/4, pp. 457–498, 2004.

  13. Lerdahl, F. and Jackendoff, R., A Generative Theory of Tonal Music, The MIT Press, 1983.

  14. Lerdahl, F., Tonal Pitch Space, Oxford University Press, 2001.

  15. Lo, M. Y. and Lucas, S.M., “Evolving Musical Sequences with N-Gram Based Trainable Fitness Functions,” Proc. of the 2006 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 601–608, 2006.

  16. Marsden, A., “Generative Structural Representation of Tonal Music,” Journal of New Music Research, 34, 4, pp. 409–428, 2005.

  17. Mozer, M., “Neural Network Music Composition by Prediction: Exploring the Benefits of Psychoacoustic Constraints and Multi-Scale Processing,” Connection-Science, 6, 2-3, pp. 247–280, 1994.

  18. Narmour, E., The Analysis and Cognition of Basic Melodic Structures – The Implication-Realization Model, The Univ. of Chicago Press, 1990.

  19. Narmour, E., The Analysis and Cognition of Basic Melodic Structure, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1990.

  20. Parsons, D., The Directory of Classical Themes, Piatkus Books, 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsons_code

  21. Pampalk, E., “Computational Models of Music Similarity and their Application in Music Information Retrieval,” Ph.D. Thesis, Vienna University of Technology, 2006.

  22. Sag, I. A. and Wasow, T., Syntactic Theory – A Formal Introduction, CSLI Publications, 1999.

  23. Schedl, M., Knees, P., Böck, S., “Investigating the Similarity Space of Music Artists on the Micro-Blogosphere,” in Proc. of ISMIR 2011, pp. 323–328, 2011.

  24. Schenker, H. (Oster, E. (trans.)), Free Composition, Longman, 1979. Original: Der Freie Satz, 1935.

  25. Steedman, M., “The Blues and the Abstract Truth: Music and Mental Models,” Mental Models In Cognitive Science, (Garnham, A. and Oakhill, J. Eds.), pp. 305–318, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996.

  26. Temperley D.: The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tojo, S., Oka, Y. and Nishida, M., “Analysis of Chord Progression by HPSG,” in Proc. of the IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 2006

  28. Wallin, N., Merker, B. and Brown, S., eds., The Origins of Music, The MIT Press, 2000.

  29. Wilson, R.A., Keil, F. Eds., The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, The MIT Press, 1999.

  30. Winograd, T., “Linguistics and the computer analysis of tonal harmony,” in Journal of Music Theory, 12, 1, 1968.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan

    Satoshi Tojo

  2. Future University Hakodate, 116-2 Kamedanakano-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8655, Japan

    Keiji Hirata

  3. University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan

    Masatoshi Hamanaka

Authors
  1. Satoshi Tojo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Keiji Hirata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Masatoshi Hamanaka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satoshi Tojo.

About this article

Cite this article

Tojo, S., Hirata, K. & Hamanaka, M. Computational Reconstruction of Cognitive Music Theory. New Gener. Comput. 31, 89–113 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00354-013-0202-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00354-013-0202-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation