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Molecular Cloning of Echis ocellatus Disintegrins Reveals Non-Venom-Secreted Proteins and a Pathway for the Evolution of Ocellatusin

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Abstract

We report the cloning and sequence analysis of Echis ocellatus cDNAs coding for dimeric disintegrin subunits and for the short disintegrin ocellatusin. All the dimeric disintegrin subunit messengers belong to the short-coding class, indicating that short messengers may be more widely distributed than previously thought. Mass spectrometric analysis of the HPLC-separated venom proteins was performed to characterize the dimeric disintegrins expressed in the venom proteome. In addition to previously reported EO4 and EO5 heterodimers, a novel dimeric disintegrin containing RGD- and KGD-bearing subunits was identified. However, a WGD-containing polypeptide encoded by clone Eo1-1 was not detected in the venom, suggesting the occurrence of larger genomic than proteomic diversity, which could represent part of a non-venom-secreted reservoir of disintegrin that may eventually acquire physiological relevance for the snake upon changes of ecological niches and prey habits. On the other hand, the realization of the existence of two distinct messengers coding for the short disintegrin ocellatusin reveals key events of the evolutionary emergence of the short disintegrin ocellatusin from a short-coding dimeric disintegrin precursor by two nucleotide mutations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financed by Grant BFU2004-01432 from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Madrid, Spain (to J.J.C.). P.J. and L.S. are recipients of a predoctoral fellowship (FPI; formación de personal investigador) from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and a postdoctoral I3P contract, respectively. R.A.H. and S.C.W. were funded by the Wellcome Trust.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    Paula Juárez, Libia Sanz & Juan J. Calvete

  2. Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK

    Simon C. Wagstaff & Robert A. Harrison

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  1. Paula Juárez
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  2. Simon C. Wagstaff
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  3. Libia Sanz
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  4. Robert A. Harrison
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  5. Juan J. Calvete
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Correspondence to Juan J. Calvete.

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[Reviewing Editor: Dr. Bryan Grieg Fry]

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Juárez, P., Wagstaff, S.C., Sanz, L. et al. Molecular Cloning of Echis ocellatus Disintegrins Reveals Non-Venom-Secreted Proteins and a Pathway for the Evolution of Ocellatusin. J Mol Evol 63, 183–193 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0269-y

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