Zusammenfassung
Klinisches/methodisches Problem
Neben der präzisen Graduierung von Karotisstenosen ist insbesondere die Differenzierung in symptomatische und asymptomatische Stenosen wichtig für die Therapieplanung.
Radiologische Standardverfahren
Bei der Behandlung der Karotisstenose ist bei ausgewählten Patienten die Stentbehandlung als gleichwertige Alternative zur „carotid endarterectomy“ (CEA) anzusehen.
Methodische Innovationen
Das „carotid artery stenting“ (CAS) hat sich als eine gering invasive Alternative zur Operation etablieren können, insbesondere weil durch wachsende Erfahrung, technische Innovationen und externe Qualitätssicherung die Komplikationsrate stetig reduziert werden konnte.
Leistungsfähigkeit
Voraussetzung ist die Durchführung des CAS in Zentren mit nachweislich geringer Komplikationsrate von < 3 % bei asymptomatischen und < 6 % bei symptomatischen Stenosen.
Bewertung
Hinsichtlich der Sekundärprophylaxe zeigen sich CAS und CEA als gleich effektiv.
Empfehlung für die Praxis
Idealerweise sollte die Therapieentscheidung interdisziplinär getroffen werden. Bei asymptomatischen Stenosen sind revaskularisierende Maßnahmen insgesamt kritisch zu prüfen, da unter einer optimierten konservativen Therapie wohl nur ein geringes Ischämierisiko besteht.
Abstract
Clinical/methodical issue
Therapy of carotid stenosis should be based on an accurate assessment of the stenosis and a differentiation between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Standard radiological methods
According to current guidelines carotid artery stenting (CAS) can be considered as an established therapeutic alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
Methodical innovations
For the therapy of carotid stenosis CAS has become established as a minimally invasive alternative to CEA because the complication rate has been reduced due to growing experience, technical innovations and external quality assessment.
Performance
The CAS procedure should be performed in centers with documented complication rates of < 3 % for asymptomatic and < 6 % for symptomatic stenoses.
Achievements
Overall there are no significant differences between CAS and CEA in the treatment of carotid stenosis concerning the secondary prophylactic effect.
Practical recommendations
Ideally an interdisciplinary approach should be chosen for the therapy regime. Revascularization of asymptomatic stenoses should be considered critically as these patients might profit from optimized conservative medicinal therapy.
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Gölitz, P., Dörfler, A. Karotisstents – eine Standortbestimmung. Radiologe 53, 246–250 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-012-2420-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-012-2420-2