Abstract
Pure gold with only one per cent of titanium may well be the only significantly different new jewellery and coinage alloy developed in recent times. In this paper, an account is given of the development of a 990 fineness gold alloy with good colour, durability and mechanical properties, and why titanium was chosen as the alloying metal. Methods are described for the alloy’s production, solutionizing and age-hardening. Mechanical properties are given as a function of deformation, age-hardening time and temperature for three different starting states. These properties are compared with those of some standard 14 and 18 carat jewellery alloys and pure gold.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Engelhard Industries, U.S. Patents 2947114 (1960), 2984894 (1961), 3049577 (1962), 3201236 (1965), 3606766 (1971)
M.L. Gimpel and N. Fuschillo,J. Met., 1971,33(6), 39
N. Fuschillo and M.L. Gimpel,J. Mater. Sci., 1970,5(12), 1078
M. Poniatowski and M. Clasing,Gold Bull., 1972,5(2), 14
J.S. Hill,Gold Bull., 1976,9(3), 76–80
H-H. Beyer, M. Clasing & H. Heidsiek, Report by Degussa on research co-sponsored by the International Gold Corporation Ltd., August, 1982
Degussa AG, German Patent DE 040981 (1983)
H. Heidsiek, V. Naumann & G. Ondracek, 11th Int. Plansee Seminar, 1985,1, 575–585 andInt. J. of Powder Metallurgy, 1986,22, 113–117
Private Communication, J. Lai, 1983
H. Okamoto and T.B. Massalski, Preprint of: ASM/NBS Monographs Series on Binary Phase Diagram Evaluations, Nos. 1 and 2,Gold-Based Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams
Ch. J. Raub & D. Ott, Sponsored Research Report by the Forschungsinstitut für Edelmetalle und Metallchemie (FEM) to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., May, 1984
Ch.J. Raub, Consultancy Report by the FEM to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., September, 1986
K.B. Guy & G.Humpston, Report on research co-sponsored by General Electric Research Ltd. (Hirst Research Centre) and the International Gold Corporation Ltd., November 1986
Ch.J. Raub & D.Ott, Sponsored Research Report by the FEM to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., May, 1985
Gold Alloy Data,Aurum No. 14, 1983, 141–44
P. Ramoni,Aurum No. 6, 1981, 23–29
Gold Alloy Data,Aurum No. 1, 1980, 22–25
Gold Alloy Data,Aurum No. 2, 1980, 15–18
Gold Alloy Data,Aurum No. 3, 1980, 15–18
Gold Alloy Data,Aurum No. 5, 1981, 20–23
Duduco Data Book, 2nd Edition, October, 1983, p58
H. Heidsiek and M. Clasing,Gold Bull., 1983,16, 76–81
J. Hausselt and U. Mürrle, Test Report to the FEM, May, 1985
J. Hausselt and U. Mürrle, Test Report to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., November, 1986
Ch.J. Raub and H. Weiss, Consultancy Report by the FEM to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., August, 1985
B. Taylor,Aurum No. 6, 1981, 46–50
Ch.J. Raub and D. Ott, Sponsored Research Report by the FEM to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., September, 1986
Ch.J, Raub and D. Ott, Sponsored Research Report by the FEM to the International Gold Corporation Ltd., December, 1985
G. Gafner, International Gold Corporation Ltd., Federal Republic of Germany Patent P35 02 914.5, 1985
M.Graham, 31st Annual EMSA Meeting, 1980, 148–9
A.J. Rossi, Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Co. of New York, U.S. Patent 1023334, 1912
Additional information
Dr Geoffrey Gafner was Research Manager with International Gold Corporation when the work reported here was carried out. He is now in retirement, but may be contacted c/o Editor, Gold Bulletin.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gafner, G. The development of 990 gold — titanium: Its production, use and properties. Gold Bull 22, 112–122 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03214709
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03214709