Skip to main content
Log in

Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction: Scientific, statistical, and economic rationale for its use

  • Magnesium in Acute Myocardial Infarction
  • Editorial
  • Published:
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. deVreedeJJM, GorgelsAPM, VerstraatenGMP, VermeerF, DassenWRM, WellensHJJ. Did prognosis after acute myocardial infarction change during the past 30 years? A meta-analysis.J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:698–706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. NaylorCD, ChenE. Population-wide mortality trends among patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction: The Ontario experience, 1981 to 1991.J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1431–1438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. The GUSTO Investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction.N Engl J Med 1993;329:673–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. MaynardC, WeaverD, LitwinPE, MartinJS, et al. for the MITI Project Investigators. Hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the era of reperfusion therapy (the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project).Am J Cardiol 1993;72:877–882.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. PashosCL, NewhouseJP, McNeilBJ. Temporal changes in the care and outcomes of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction, 1987 through 1990.JAMA 1993;270:1832–1836.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. LalA, SharmaS. Limitation of experimental myocardial infarct size by magnesium sulfate pre-treatment in dogs.Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 1990;34:212–214.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. WangS-R, WuX-N, LaiX-Q, CaiB-H, PanY-S, LiA-Z, HuangL-Y. Influence of magnesium sulfate on sizes of myocardial infarction in rabbits.Acta Pharmacol Sin 1988;9:30–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. LeorJ, KlonerRA. An experimental model examining the role of magnesium in the therapy of acute myocardial infarction.Am J Cardiol 1995;75:1292–1293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. BarrosLFM, ChagasACP, daLuzPL, PileggiF. Magnesium treatment of acute myocardial infarction: Effects on necrosis in an occlusion/reperfusion dog model.Int J Cardiol 1995;48:3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. ChristensenCW, RiederMA, SilversteinEL, GencheffNE. Magnesium sulfate reduces myocardial infarct size when administered prior to but not after coronary reperfusion in a canine model.Circulation 1995;92:2617–2621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. HerzogWR, ScholssbergML, MacMurdyKS, et al. Timing of magnesium therapy affects experimental infarct size.Circulation 1995;92:2622–2626.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. AntmanEM. Magnesium in acute MI: Timing is critical.Circulation 1995;92:2367–2372.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. ZdanoviczMM, BarlettaMA. Protective role of magnesium in catecholamine induced arrhythmia and toxicity in vitro.Magnes Res 1991;4:153–162.

    Google Scholar 

  14. RasmussenHS, SuensonM, McNairP, NorregardP, BalslevS. Magnesium infusion reduces the incidence of arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. A double-blind placebo-controlled study.Clin Cardiol 1987;10:351–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. RasmussenHS, McNairP, NorregardP, BackerV, LindenegO, BalslevS. Intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction.Lancet 1986;1:234–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. SmithLF, HeagertyAM, BingRF, BarnettDB. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate after acute myocardial infarction: Effects on arrhythmias and mortality.Int J Cardiol 1986;12:175–183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. ShechterM, HodH, MarksN, BeharS, KaplinskyE, RabinowitzB. Beneficial effect of magnesium sulfate in acute myocardial infarction.Am J Cardiol 1990;66:271–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. ShechterM, HodH, KaplinskyE, ChouraquiP, RabinowitzB. Magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction when patients are not candidates for thrombolytic therapy.Am J Cardiol 1995;75:321–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. WoodsKL, FletcherS, RoffeC, HaiderY. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: Results of the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2).Lancet 1992;339:1553–1558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. ISIS-4 Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: A randomized factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction.Lancet 1995;345:669–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. BorzakS, RidkerPM. Discordance between meta-analyses and large-scale randomized, controlled trials; examples from the management of acute myocardial infarction.Ann Intern Med 1995;123:873–877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. CasscellsW. Magnesium and myocardial infarction.Lancet 1994;343:807–809.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. SeeligMS, ElinRJ. Re-examination of magnesium infusions in myocardial infarction.Am J Cardiol 1995;76:172–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. HeeschCM, EichhornEJ. Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction.Ann Emerg Med 1994;24:1154–1160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. AntmanE. Randomized trials of magnesium for acute myocardial infarction: Big numbers do not tell the whole story.Am J Cardiol 1995;75:391–393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. WoodsKL. Mega-trials and management of acute myocardial infarction.Lancet 1995;346:611–614.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. YusufS, FlatherM. Editorial. Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. ISIS 4 provides no grounds for its use.Br Med J 1995;310:751–752.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. EggerM, SmithGD. Misleading meta-analysis. Lessons from “an effective, safe, simple” intervention that wasn't.Br Med J 1995;310:752–754.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. GuptaVK. Does magnesium supplementation have any role in acute myocardial infarction?Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1996;10:303–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. SeeligM. Cardiovascular consequences of magnesium deficiency and loss: Pathogenesis, prevalence and manifestations—magnesium and chloride loss in refractory potassium repletion.Am J Cardiol 1989;63:4G-21G.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. SeeligMS. Consequences of magnesium deficiency on the enhancement of stress reactions; preventive and therapeutic implications [review].J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:429–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. SeelingMS, PreussHG. Magnesium metabolism and perturbations in the elderly.Geriatri Nephrolo Urolo 1994;4:101–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. ChangC, VarghesePJ, DowneyJ, BloomS. Magnesium deficiency and myocardial infarct size in the dog.J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:280–289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. FlinkEB, BrickJE, ShaneSR. Alterations of long-chain free fatty acid and magnesium concentrations in acute myocardial infarction.Arch Intern Med 1981;141:441–443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. HearseDJ. Oxygen deprivation and early myocardial contractile failure: A reassessment of the possible role of adenosine triphosphate.Am J Cardiol 1979;44:1115–1120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. HearseDJ, StewartDA, BraimbridgeMV. Myocardial protection during ischemic heart arrest. The importance of magnesium in cardioplegic infusates.J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 1975;75:877–885.

    Google Scholar 

  37. PolimeniPI, PageE. Further observations on magnesium transport in rat ventricular muscle.Recent Adv Stud Card Struct Metabol 1974;4:217–232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. ReimerK, LoweJ, RasmussenM, et al. The wave-front phenomenon of ischemic cell death. I: Myocardial infarct size vs. duration of coronary occlusion in dogs.Circulation 1977;56:786–794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. ReimerKA, JenningsRB. The “wavefront phenomenon” of myocardial ischemic cell death. II. Transmural progression of necrosis within the framework of ischemic bed size (myocardium at risk) and collateral flow.Lab Invest 1979;40:633–644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. BraunwaldE, KlonerRA. Myocardial reperfusion: A double-edged sword?J Clin Invest 1985;76:1713–1719.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. KlonerRA. Does reperfusion injury exist in humans?J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:537–545.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. KirkelsJH, vanEchteldCJ, RuigrokTJ. Intracellular magnesium during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: Possible consequences for post-ischemic recovery.J Mol Cell Cardiol 1989;21:1209–1218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. ShattockMJ, HearseDJ, FryCH. The ionic basis of the anti-ischemic and anti-arrhythmic properties of magnesium in the heart.J Am Coll Nutr 1987;6:27–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. duToitEF, OpieLH. Modulation of severity of reperfusion stunning in the isolated rat heart by agents altering calcium flux at reperfusion.Circ Res 1992;70:960–967.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. DickensBF, WeglickiWB, LiYS, MakIT. Magnesium deficiency in vitro enhances free radical-induced intracellular oxidation and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells.FEBS Lett 1992;311:187–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. DeWoodMA, SporesJ, NotskeRN, SimpsonJS, EugsterGS, JudgeTP, HinnenML. Prevalence of total coronary artery occlusion during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction.N Engl J Med 1980;303:897–902.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. GalløeA, GraudalN. Magnesium an myocardial infarction [letter].Lancet 1994;343:1286–1287.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Seelig MS, Elin RJ. Is there a place for magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction?Am Heart J 1996, In press.

  49. DerSimonianR, LairdN. Meta-analysis in clinical trials.Controlled Clin Trials 1986;7:177–188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. National Research Council.Combining Information. Statistical Issues and Opportunities for Research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Berlin JA, Antman EM. Advantages and limitations of meta-analytic regressions of clinical trial data.Online J Curr Clin Trials 1994;3:Doc No 134.

    Google Scholar 

  52. BerkeyC, HoaglinD, MostellerF, ColditzG. A random-effects regression model for meta-analysis.Statist Med 1995;14:395–411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. McIntosh MW. The population risk as an explanatory variable in research synthesis of clinical trials.Statist Med 1996 In press.

  54. AntmanE, LauJ, BerkeyC, McIntoshM, ChalmersT, MostellerF. Large versus small trials of magnesium for acute myocardial infarction: Big numbers do not tell the whole story.Circulation 1994;90(Supp I):325.

    Google Scholar 

  55. WeinsteinMC, CoxsonPG, WilmanL. Forecasting coronary heart disease incidence, mortality, and cost: The Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model.Am J Pub Health 1987; 77:1417–1426.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Antman, E.M., Seelig, M.S., Fleischmann, K. et al. Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction: Scientific, statistical, and economic rationale for its use. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 10, 297–301 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02627951

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02627951

Key Words

Navigation