Conclusions
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1.
Small selenium additions (0.04–0.08%) have a substantial effect on the nature, morphology, and dispersity of nonmetallic inclusions and thus the mechanical, technological, and operating properties of structural steel.
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2.
Selenium additions, leading to globularization of nonmetallic inclusions, reduce the anisotropy of the ductility and fracture toughness and also susceptibility to brittle fracture (tested with transverse samples).
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3.
Microalloying with selenium reduces the loss of metal (scrap and rejects) due to metallurgical defects and also the tendency to form quench cracks.
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4.
In terms of improved machinability with high-speed machining with use of hard-alloy cutters the addition of selenium is much superior to microalloying with lead, especially in machining with use of high-speed steels.
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Literature cited
A. A. Babitsyn, M. A. Chernitsyna, and V. T. Kalinnikov, "Cr−Se phase diagram," Zh. Neorg. Khim.,20, No. 12, 3357 (1975).
Simadzu Hirosi et al., Tetsu-to Hagane,60, No. 11, 412 (1974).
Ya. E. Gol'dshtein and A. Ya. Zaslavskii, Structural Steels with High Machinability [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1977).
C. Stoddart et al., Nature,273, No. 5488, 187 (1975).
Additional information
Scientific-Research Institute of Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 2–7, October, 1979.
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Gol'dshtein, Y.E., Mushtakova, T.L. & Komissarova, T.A. Effect of selenium on the structure and properties of structural steel. Met Sci Heat Treat 21, 741–746 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00708374
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00708374