Abstract
The heated boundary layer for DAY 33 of the Wangara data of southeast Australia (Clarke et al., 1971) is studied numerically with a three-dimensional model using 64000 grid points within a volume 5 km on a side and 2 km deep. Subgrid-scale transport equations were utilized in place of eddy-coefficient formulations. The rate of growth of the mixed layer is examined and parameterized, and the vertical profiles of heat flux, moisture flux and momentum fluxes are examined. The momentum boundary layer is found to coincide essentially with the mixed layer, and to grow with the latter during the hours of solar heating of the surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arakawa, A.: 1966, ‘Computational Design for Long-Term Numerical Integration of the Equations of Fluid Motion: Two-dimensional Incompressible Flow, Part I’, J. Comp. Phys. 1, 119–143.
Betts, A. K.: 1973, ‘Non-precipitating Cumulus Convection and its Parameterization’, Q`uart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 99, 178–196.
Businger, J. A., Wyngaard, J. C, Izumi, Y., and Bradley, E. F.: 1971, ‘Flux-Profile Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface Layer’, J. Atmospheric Sci. 28, 181–189.
Carson, D. J.: 1973, ‘The Development of a Dry Inversion-Capped Convectively Unstable Boundary Layer’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 99, 450–467.
Clarke, R. H., Dyer, A. J., Brook, R. R., Reid, D. G., and Troup, A. J.: 1971, The Wangara Experiment: Boundary Layer Data, CSIRO Div. of Meteorol. Phys. Tech. Paper No. 19, 340 pp.
Deardorff, J. W., Willis, G. E., and Lilly, D. K.: 1969, ‘Laboratory Investigation of Non-Steady Penetrative Convection’, J. Fluid Mech. 35, 7–31.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1971, ‘On the Magnitude of the Subgrid Scale Eddy Coefficient’, J. Comp. Phys. 7, 120–133.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1972a, ‘Numerical Investigation of Neutral and Unstable Planetary Boundary Layers’, J. Atmospheric Sci. 29, 91–115.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1972b, ‘Parameterization of the Planetary Boundary Layer for Use in General Circulation Models’, Monthly Weather Rev. 100, 93–106.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1973a, ‘The Use of Subgrid Transport Equations in a Three-Dimensional Model of Atmospheric Turbulence’, J. Fluids Eng. 95, 429–438.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1973b, in D. A. Haugen (ed.), Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of the Planetary Boundary Layer, Workshop on Micrometeorology, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, 271–311.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1973c, ‘An Explanation of Anomalously Large Reynolds Stresses within the Convective Planetary Boundary Layer, J. Atmospheric Sci. 30, 1070–1076.
Deardorff, J. W., Willis, G. E., and Lilly, D. K.: 1973, Comment on the Paper by A. K. Betts: “Non-Precipitating Cumulus Convection and Its Parameterization”, to appear in Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.
Fox, D. G. and Deardorff, J. W.: 1973, ‘Computer Methods for Simulation of Multidimensional, Nonlinear, Subsonic, Incompressible Flow’, J. Heat Transfer, 94, 337–346.
Kato, H. and Phillips, O. M.: 1969, ‘On the Penetration of a Turbulent Layer into Stratified Fluid’, J. Fluid Mech. 37, 643–655.
Kondratyev, K. Ya.: 1972, On the October 1970–March 1972 Complex Atmospheric Energetics Experiment (CAENEX) Results, Abridged Report to the Joint Organizing Committee of GARP.
Lilly, D. K.: 1965, ‘On the Computational Stability of Numerical Solutions of Time-dependent Non-linear Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Problems’, Monthly Weather Rev. 93, 11–26.
Lilly, D. K.: 1967, The Representation of Small-scale Turbulence in Numerical Simulation Experiments, Proc. IBM Sci. Computing Symp. Environmental Sci., IBM Form No. 320–1951, 195–210.
Lilly, D. K.: 1968, ‘Models of Cloud-topped Mixed Layers under a Strong Inversion’, Quart J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 94, 874–884.
Lundgren, T. S. and Wang, F. C: 1973, ‘Eddy Viscosity Models for Free Turbulent Flows’, Phys. Fluids 16, 174–178.
Manabe, S.: 1969, ‘Climate and the Ocean Circulation, I. The Atmospheric Circulation and the Hydrology of the Earth's Surface, Monthly Weather Rev. 97, 739–805.
Paulson, C. A.: 1970, ‘The Mathematical Representation of Wind Speed and Temperature Profiles in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 9, 857–861.
Sasamori, T.: 1968, ‘The Radiative Cooling Calculation for Application to General Circulation Experiments’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 7, 721–729.
Sasamori, T.: 1972, ‘A Linear Harmonic Analysis of Atmospheric Motion with Radiative Dissipation’, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 50, 505–518.
Smagorinsky, J.: 1963, ‘General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations: 1. The Basic Experiment’, Monthly Weather Rev. 91, 90–164.
Tennekes, H.: 1973, ‘A Model for the Dynamics of the Inversion above a Convective Boundary Layer’, J. Atmospheric Sci. 30, 558–567.
Wilhelmson, R. and Ogura, Y.: 1972, ‘The Pressure Perturbation and the Numerical Modeling of a Cloud’, J. Atmospheric Sci. 29, 1295–1307.
Williams, G. P.: 1969, ‘Numerical Integration of the Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations for Incompressible Flow’, J. Fluid Mech. 37, 727–750.
Wyngaard, J. C.: 1973, in D. A. Haugen (ed.), On Surface Layer Turbulence, Workshop on Micrometeorology, Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, 101–149.
Zilitinkevich, S. S.: 1970, Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Hydrometeorological Publishing House, Leningrad.
Zilitinkevich, S. S.: 1972, ‘On the Determination of the Height of the Ekman Boundary Layer’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 3, 141–145.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deardorff, J.W. Three-dimensional numerical study of the height and mean structure of a heated planetary boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 7, 81–106 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224974
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224974