Skip to main content

Young People and the Spatial Politics of Graffiti Writing

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Identities and Subjectivities

Part of the book series: Geographies of Children and Young People ((GCYP,volume 4))

Abstract

Young people involved in graffiti have become emblematic of the ongoing troubling presence of “youth” in the urban public spaces of the contemporary city. The act of doing graffiti, known among those involved in the practice as “writing,” has been the subject of a good deal of academic theorizing and public policy intervention since its rise to prominence on the subways of New York City in the 1970s. Drawing on the historical development of what has now become a global subculture, this chapter details the way graffiti has been constructed as outside the normal ordering of social space, as out of place in the city. The youth subculture of hip-hop graffiti writing, which developed around themes of fame and respect and the pursuit of style, has been persistently linked to deviance and transgression justifying the criminalization of young people and a succession of wars on graffiti. More recently, processes of commodification along with the appearance of legal graffiti forms and the rise of street art have all worked to unsettle assumptions of graffiti as out of place. The trope of the young urban graffiti writer continues to influence approaches aimed at variously including and excluding young people in public space, informing the contemporary urban spatial politics of young people.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 289.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amin, A. (2012). Land of strangers. London: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. (2001). Taking the train: How graffiti art became an urban crisis in New York City. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. (2010). More to see than a canvas and a black cube: For an art in the streets. City, 14, 33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, H. S. (Ed.). (1964). The other side: Perspectives on deviance. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, H. S. (1982). Art worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brighenti, A. M. (2010). At the wall: Graffiti writers, urban territoriality, and the public domain. Space and Culture, 13(3), 315–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castleman, C. (1980). “Getting Up”: Subway graffiti in New York, thesis. New York: Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A. (1955). Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang. Glencoe: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, P. (1972a). Sub-cultural conflict and working class community (Working papers in cultural studies, Vol. 2). Birmingham: University of Birmingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1972b). Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of mods and rockers. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M., & Chalfant, H. (1984). Subway art. London: Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cresswell, T. (1992). The crucial ‘where’ of graffiti: A geographical analysis of reactions to graffiti in New York. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 10, 329–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cresswell, T. (1996). In place/out of place: Geography, ideology and transgression. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickens, L. (2008a). “Finders Keepers”: Performing the street, the gallery and the spaces in-between. Liminalities: A Journal of Performance Studies, 4(1), 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickens, L. (2008b). Placing post-graffiti: The journey of the Peckham Rock. Cultural Geographies, 15, 471–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickens, L. (2010). Pictures on walls? Producing, pricing and collecting the street art screen print. City, 14(1–2), 63–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickenson, M. (2008). The making of space, race and place: New York city’s war on graffiti, 1970 – The present. Critique of Anthropology, 28(1), 27–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovey, K., Woodcock, I., & Wollan, S. (2012). Placing graffiti: Creating and contesting character in inner-city Melbourne. Journal of Urban Design, 17(10), 21–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, J. (1995). Urban graffiti crime, control and resistance. Youth & Society, 27(1), 73–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, J. (1996). Crimes of style: Urban graffiti and the politics of criminality. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, J. (1998). Freight train graffiti: Subculture, crime, dislocation. Justice Quarterly, 15(4), 587–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganz, N. (2006). Graffiti woman: Street art from five continents. New York: Abrams.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, N. (1998). Hip hop America. New York: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S., & Jefferson, T. (Eds.). (1976). Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in Post-War Britain. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halsey, M., & Young, A. (2002). The meaning of graffiti and municipal administration. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 35(2), 165–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halsey, M., & Young, A. (2006). “Our desires are ungovernable”: Writing graffiti in urban space. Theoretical Criminology, 10(3), 275–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iveson, K. (2007). Publics and the city. Malden: Blackwell.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Iveson, K. (2009). War is over (if you want it): Rethinking the graffiti problem. Australian Planner, 46(1), 24–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iveson, K. (2010). The wars on graffiti and the new military urbanism. City, 14, 115–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iveson, K. (2013). Cities within the city: Do-it-yourself urbanism and the rights to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(3), 941–956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, R. (2010). Painting with permission: Legal graffiti in New York City. Ethnography, 11(2), 235–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lachmann, R. (1988). Graffiti as career and ideology. The American Journal of Sociology, 94(2), 229–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, H. (1996). The right to the city. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ley, D., & Cybriwsky, R. (1974). Urban graffiti as territorial markers. Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 64(4), 491–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombard, K.-J. (2013). From subways to product labels: The commercial incorporation of hip hop graffiti. Visual Communication Quarterly, 20(2), 9–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDiarmid, L., & Downing, S. (1998). A rough aging out: Graffiti writers and subcultural drift. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 7(2), 605–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, N. (2001). The graffiti subculture: Youth, masculinity and identity in London and New York. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • MacDowell, L. (2006). In praise of 70K: Cultural heritage and graffiti style. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 20(4), 471–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mailer, N. (2009). The faith of graffiti. New York: Harper-Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malone, K. (2006). United Nations: A key player in a global movement for child friendly cities. In B. Gleeson & N. Spike (Eds.), Creating child friendly cities: Reinstating kids in the city. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAuliffe, C. (2012). Graffiti or street Art? Negotiating the moral geographies of the creative city. Journal of Urban Affairs, 34(2), 189–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAuliffe, C. (2013). Legal walls and professional paths: The mobilities of graffiti writers in Sydney. Urban Studies, 50(3), 518–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAuliffe, C., & Iveson, K. (2011). Art and crime (and other things besides …): Conceptualising graffiti in the city. Geography Compass, 3(5), 128–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, S. (2014). Keeping it real? Subcultural graffiti, street art, heritage and authenticity. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(4), 369–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, I. L. (2002). Aerosol kingdom: Subway painters of New York City. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nandrea, L. (1999). “Graffiti taught me everything I know about space”: Urban fronts and borders. Antipode, 31(1), 110–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papastergiadis, N., & Rogers, H. (1996). Parafunctional Spaces. In J. Stathatos (Ed), Art and the City, London: Academy Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahn, J. (2002). Painting without permission: Hip hop graffiti subculture. Westport: Bergin and Garvey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schacter, R. (2008). An ethnography of iconoclash: An investigation into the production, consumption and destruction of street-art in London. Journal of Material Culture, 13(1), 35–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, G. J. (2006). Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture. Crime Media Culture, 2(1), 93–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, G. J. (2009). Graffiti lives: Beyond the tag in New York’s urban underground. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staeheli, L. (2010). Political geography: Democracy and the disorderly public. Progress in Human Geography, 34(1), 67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, G. (1996). Angels and devils: Moral landscapes of childhood. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 14(5), 581–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. (2010). Negotiated consent or zero tolerance? Responding to graffiti and street art in Melbourne. City, 14(1–2), 99–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. (2014). Street art, public city. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zukin, S., & Braslow, L. (2011). The life cycle of New York’s creative districts: Reflections on unanticipated consequences of unplanned cultural zones. City, Culture and Society, 2, 131–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Videos

  • Style Wars. (1983). (Dir.: Henry Chalfant and Tony Silver; Prod.: Linda Habib).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wild Style. (1983). (Dir.: Charlie Ahearn; Prod.: Charlie Ahearn).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cameron McAuliffe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

McAuliffe, C. (2016). Young People and the Spatial Politics of Graffiti Writing. In: Worth, N., Dwyer, C. (eds) Identities and Subjectivities. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-023-0_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics