Abstract
It strikes me that our current situation, at war against terrorism, conjures up a number of questions whose answers are not easy to identify, much less solve. As I have meditated on them at some length, I find in them one characteristic that defines them all, though in a negative way. All the situations we encounter right now are ambiguous. They have about them this negative character, that they cannot be clarified completely, that they defy compartmentalization. The term “ambiguity” comes from Latin ambo (“both”) plus agere (“to do”), meaning to entertain or attend to two instances at once, at the same time; hence the quandary; and yet some of them, like tolerance and peace, are being proposed as antidotes to fanaticism and therefore as subjects that should be taught and learned in the schools. Therefore I have thought it would be worthwhile to spend some time examining ambiguity as it appears in various garbs. My intention is not to analyze in detail each ambiguous situation, but to explore the ways in which ambiguity appears in each and all of them. This examination does not claim to be exhaustive…by definition, ambiguity excludes completeness, but it should be enough to base upon it some conclusions applicable to our educational endeavors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
REFERENCES
Al-Ghazali, M. (1992). Ihya ulum al-Din. 6 vols. Beirut: Dar al-Hadi.
Beauvoir, S. de. (1948). The Ethics of Ambiguity. New York: Philosophical Library.
Bedeau, H. A. (Ed). (1971). Justice and Equality. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Berenfeld, S. (1973). Sisyphus or The Limits of Education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Camus, Albert. (1958). Caligula and Three Other Plays. New York: Vintage.
_____________. (1958). Exile and the Kingdom. New York: Vintage.
_____________. (1946). The Plague. New York: The Modern Library.
_____________. (1970). Lyrical and Critical Essays. New York: Vintage.
Erikson, R. & Jonsson, J. (Eds.) (1966). Can Education be Equalized? The Swedish Case in Comparative Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press.
Friedländer, P. (1958). Plato. 3 vols.; New York: Pantheon Books.
Gerassi, J. (Ed) (1968). Venceremos: The Speeches and Writings of Ernesto Che Guevara. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Goethe, J. W. (1955). Werke. New York: Hamburger Ausgabe.
Götz, Ignacio L. (1988). Zen and the Art of Teaching. Westbury: J. L. Wilkerson Publishing Co.
Gray, J. G. (1970). Understanding Violence Philosophically & Other Essays. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
Gur-Ze’ev, I. (2001). Philosophy of Peace Education in a Postmodern Era. Educational Theory 51(3), 315–336.
Herrnstein, R. & Charles M. (1994). The Bell Curve. New York: The Free Press.
Hutchins, R.M. (Ed.). (1952). Great Books of the Western World. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Itzkoff, S. W. (1994). The Decline of Intelligence in America. Westport: Praeger.
Jaeger, W. (1943). Paideia: The Idela of Greek Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jensen, A. R. (1969). How Much can we Boost I.Q. and Scholastic Achievement? Harvard Educational Review 39(1), 1–123.
Kant, I. (1923). Immanuel Kants Werke. Berlin: Bruno Cassirer.
Kipling, R. (n.d). Kim. London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd.
Levi, P. (1989). The Drowned and the Saved. New York: Vintage.
MacIntyre, A. (1984). After Virtue. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Maritain, J. (1961). Man and the State. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1969). Humanism and Terror. Boston: Beacon Press.
Murata, S. & William C. C. (1994). The Vision of Islam. New York: Paragon House.
Nehamas, A. (1998). In Praise of Uncertainty and Other Underappreciated Concepts. The New York Times, January 10, A15.
Ortega y Gasset, J. (1960). Some Lessons in Metaphysics. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
__________________. (1962). Man and Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton &. Co.
Quilliot, R. (Ed) (1965). Albert Camus: Essais. Paris: Editions Gallimard.
Rawls, J. (1972). A Theory of Justice. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Shaffer, P. (1974). Equus. New York: Avon Books.
Slattery, P. & Maria M. (1999). Simone de Beauvoir’s Ethics and Postmodern Ambiguity: The Assertion of Freedom in the Face of the Absurd. Educational Theory 49(1), 21–36.
Tagore, R. (1966). Gitanjali. London: Macmillan & Col., Ltd.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1965). The Fellowship of the Ring 2nd. Ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Vandenberg, D. (1971). Being and Education. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Watson, B. (1968). The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. New York: Columbia University Press.
Williams, John A. (1962). Islam. New York: George Braziller.
Wolff, R.., et al. (1969). A Critique of Pure Tolerance. Boston: Beacon Press.
Young, M. (1958). The Rise of Meritocracy. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Götz, I.L. (2011). Vignetes of Ambiguity. In: Diasporic Philosophy and Counter-Education. Educational Futures Rethinking Theory and Practice, vol 48. SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-364-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-364-8_12
Publisher Name: SensePublishers
Online ISBN: 978-94-6091-364-8
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)