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Prostate Cancer: Shifting from Morphology to Biology pp 3–42Cite as

Update on Diagnostic Criteria, on Biopsy and Surgical Specimen: Preinvasive Lesions, from Epithelial Cell Hyperplasia to Carcinoma In Situ and Invasive Carcinoma – First-Line Immuno-Phenotyping of Prostate Diseases

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the first most common malignant neoplasm among men in Western countries and the fifth cause of cancer worldwide. Up to date, there is no single tumor biomarker that accurately predicts patient’s clinical outcome. On the basis of these considerations, an optimal characterization of patients with PCa represents an increasingly exciting challenge for surgical pathologists. The ability to discriminate between low and high aggressive PCa represents an highly debated issue, which is critical for the therapeutic choices. This chapter focuses on the recent findings about the prostate morphological and immunohistochemical findings, with a brief reference to recent development of molecular markers with diagnostic and/or prognostic relevance, in the hope of guiding the approach to the pathological interpretation of prostate bioptic and surgical tissue specimens.

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Abbreviations

PCa:

Prostate cancer

PSA :

Prostatic specific antigen

DRE:

Digital Rectal Examination

TRUS:

Transrectal ultrasonography

PCA3:

Prostate Cancer gene 3

HG-PIN:

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

ASAP:

Atypical small acinar proliferation

TURP:

Transurethral resection of the prostate

BPH:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

TUIP:

Transurethral incision of the prostate

EAU:

European Association of Urology

AMACR :

α-methylacyl-CoA racemase, P504S

PSAP:

Prostate-specific acid phosphatase

PSMA:

Prostate-specific membrane antigen

P501S:

Prostein

PAP :

Human prostatic acid phosphatase

AP:

Acid phosphatase

GSTP1:

The Glutathione S-transferase P1

CGA, GRN-A:

The Chromogranin A

PSCA:

The Prostate Stem Cell Antigen

EPCA:

The Early Prostate Cancer Antigen

Cav-1:

The Caveolin-1

PCA3/DD3:

The Prostate cancer antigen 3

TMPRSS2-ERG:

The Transmembrane protease serine 2-Ets Related Gene

GOLPH2:

The Golgi phosphoprotein 2

DAB2IP:

The DAB2 interacting protein

FASN :

The Fatty acid synthase

PIN:

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

AJCC/UICC:

The American Join Committee on Cancer/UnionInternationale Contre le Cancer

ISUP:

The International Society of Urological Pathology

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  1. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, via S. Pansini, n.5, Naples, Italy

    Massimo Mascolo, Daniela Russo & Gaetano De Rosa

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    Stefania Staibano

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Mascolo, M., Russo, D., De Rosa, G. (2013). Update on Diagnostic Criteria, on Biopsy and Surgical Specimen: Preinvasive Lesions, from Epithelial Cell Hyperplasia to Carcinoma In Situ and Invasive Carcinoma – First-Line Immuno-Phenotyping of Prostate Diseases. In: Staibano, S. (eds) Prostate Cancer: Shifting from Morphology to Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7149-9_1

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