Abstract
Pituitary tumors are in most cases monoclonal adenomas arising from the adenohypophysial cells, and represent about 15% of intracranial tumors. They, while benign tumors, show a significant morbidity related to the endocrinological symptoms of hypo-or hyper-secretion of hormones and/or mass effect of the tumor on adjacent brain structures. Despite their considerable social impact, yet relatively little is known about the molecular events underlying pituitary tumorigenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the High Mobility Group A (HMGA) gene family, including HMGA1 and HMGA2, has a critical role in the development of pituitary adenomas. Indeed, the HMGA2 gene is amplified and overexpressed in several pituitary adenomas, and, consistently, transgenic mice overexpressing either Hmga1 or Hmga2 develop pituitary adenomas. The overxpression of the HMGA proteins would induce pituitary adenomas mainly by enhancing the activity of the transcription factor E2F1 and by upregulating the expression of cyclin B2 and other genes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.
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Fedele, M., Fusco, A. (2013). Pituitary Adenoma: Role of HMGA Proteins. In: Hayat, M. (eds) Tumors of the Central Nervous System, Volume 10. Tumors of the Central Nervous System, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5681-6_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5681-6_18
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